Informatics and Information EngineeringOverviewInformaticsWhat is Informatics?What is Biomedical Informatics (BMI)?What are Key BMI Focal Areas?What is Medical Informatics?What is Bionformatics?Where is Data/How is it Used?What are Major Informatics Challenges?Information EngineeringFrom American HeritageFrom Webster’s 9th CollegiateData vs. Information vs. KnowledgeData, Information, and Knowledge in BMISlide 16Slide 17Science and Engineering in BMIWhat is Information Engineering?Information Engineering is Motivated by:Info. Engrg. - Challenge for 21st CenturyHow is Information Engineered?Towards Information ConsistencyWhat's Available to Support IE?What are Key Questions?Information Usage and RepositoriesThe Role of a DatabaseDBMS ArchitectureANSI/SPARC - Three Schema ArchitectureHow are these Used for BMI?Data IndependencePhysical Data IndependenceSlide 33Logical Data IndependenceSlide 35Classic Information System DesignData vs. InformationProgramming Language Systems vs. DBSWhat is Today’s Impedance Mismatch?The Health Care Application - ClassesSlide 41Slide 42The Health Care Application - RelationshipsHow Does Mismatch Occur?Implications and ImpactInformation Sharing/Access: Potential PitfallsInformation Syntactic ConsiderationsInformation Semantics ConcernsSyntactic & Semantic ConsiderationsInformation Pragmatics ConsiderationsSlide 51Collaboration and SecurityCollaboration: Providers and ResearchersCollaboration: Providers and PatientsCollaboration: Among PatientsWhy is Collaboration Needed?Slide 57Slide 58Dimensions of Collaboration in PCMHDimensions of Collaboration in Health CareExample CollaborationSecurity: General ConceptsKey Security IssuesWhat are Key Access Control Concepts?Available Security ApproachesMandatory Security MechanismRole Based Access Control (RBAC)Why is RBAC Needed?Discretionary Access ControlWhat is Role Delegation?Why is Role Delegation Important?Coalitions for Clinical/Translational ScienceEmergent Public Policy IssuesSlide 74Concluding RemarksIIE-1CSE5095Informatics and Information EngineeringInformatics and Information EngineeringProf. Steven A. Demurjian, Sr.Computer Science & Engineering DepartmentThe University of Connecticut371 Fairfield Road, Box U-255Storrs, CT [email protected]://www.engr.uconn.edu/~steve(860) 486 - 4818Copyright © 2008 by S. Demurjian, Storrs, CT. Portions of these slides are being used with the permission of Dr. Ling Lui, Associate Professor, College of Computing, Georgia Tech.IIE-2CSE5095Overview Overview Informatics Informatics What is Informatics?What is Biomedical Informatics?What are Key Biomedical Informatics Challenges?Information EngineeringInformation EngineeringData vs. Information vs. KnowledgeWhat is Science? What is Engineering?What is Information Consistency?Information Usage and RepositoriesInformation Usage and RepositoriesHow do we Store and Utilize Information?Sharing, Collaboration, and SecurityIIE-3CSE5095InformaticsInformaticsInformatics is:Informatics is:Management and Processing of DataFrom Multiple Sources/ContextsInvolves Classification (Ontologies), Collection, Storage, Analysis, DisseminationInformatics is Multi-DisciplinaryInformatics is Multi-DisciplinaryComputing (Model, Store, Process Information)Social Science (User Interactions, HCI)Statistics (Analysis)Informatics Can Apply to Multiple Domains:Informatics Can Apply to Multiple Domains:Business, Biology, Fine Arts, HumanitiesPharmacology, Nursing, Medicine, etc.IIE-4CSE5095What is Informatics?What is Informatics?Heterogeneous Field – Heterogeneous Field – Interaction between Interaction between People, Information and People, Information and TechnologyTechnologyComputer Science and EngineeringSocial Science (Human Computer Interface)Information Science (Data Storage, Retrieval and Mining)PeopleInformationTechnologyInformaticsAdapted from Shortcliff textbookIIE-5CSE5095What is Biomedical Informatics (BMI)?What is Biomedical Informatics (BMI)?BMI is Information and its Usage Associated with the BMI is Information and its Usage Associated with the Research and Practice of Medicine Including:Research and Practice of Medicine Including:Clinical Informatics for Patient CareMedical Record + Personal Health RecordBioinformatics for Research/Biology to BedsideFrom Genomics To ProteomicsPublic Health Informatics (State and Federal)Tracking Trends in Public SectorClinical Research Informatics Deidentified Repositories and Databases Facilitate Epidemiological Research and Ongong Clinical Studies (Drug Trails, Data Analysis, etc.)IIE-6CSE5095What are Key BMI Focal Areas?What are Key BMI Focal Areas?T1 Research T1 Research Transition Bench Results into  Clinical Research Clinical ResearchClinical ResearchApplying Clinical Research Results via Trials with Patients on Medication, Devices, Treatment PlansT2 Research T2 Research Translating “Successful” Clinical Trials into Practice and the CommunityClinical Practice Clinical Practice Tracking all of the Information Associated with a Patient and his/her CareIntegrated and Inter-Disciplinary Information Integrated and Inter-Disciplinary Information Spectrum SpectrumIIE-7CSE5095What is Medical Informatics?What is Medical Informatics?Clinical Informatics, Pharmacy InformaticsClinical Informatics, Pharmacy InformaticsPublic Health InformaticsPublic Health InformaticsConsumer Health InformaticsConsumer Health InformaticsNursing InformaticsNursing InformaticsSystems and People Issues Systems and People Issues Intended to Improve Clinical outcomes, Satisfaction and EfficiencyWorkflow Changes, Business Implications, Implementation, etc… Patient Centered – Personal Health Record and Medical HomeCare Centered – Pay for Performance, Improving Treatment ComplianceIIE-8CSE5095What is Bionformatics? What is Bionformatics? Focused on Research Tools for T1:Focused on Research Tools for T1:Genomic and Proteomic Tools, Evaluation Methods, Computing And Database NeedsInformation Retrieval and Manipulation of Large Distributed (caBIG) Data Sets (cabig.cancer.gov/index.asp) Often Requires Grid ComputingIncludes Cancer and Immunology ResearchIncreasing Need to Tie These Separate Types of Increasing Need to Tie These Separate Types of Systems Together = Personalized MedicineSystems Together = Personalized