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YCP PHL 222 - Logic Test One

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Logic Test OneNAME:___________________________________Due Date: Monday, February 13. Any tests not turned in at the beginning of class will be late and points will be deducted. Late tests will be accepted up to four days late with 5 points deducted for each day late.I. Which of the following passages contains an argument? Indicate which passages contain an argument by writing “yes” in the blank to the left. Write “no” for passages that do not contain an argument. If the argument does contain an argument, write down the conclusion in the space provided. (2 points each)1. __________ Will a beverage begin to cool more quickly in the freezer or in the regular part of the refrigerator? Well, of course it’ll cool faster in the freezer! There are lots of people who don’t understand anything at all about physics and who think things may begin to cool faster in the fridge. But they’re sadly mistaken.2. __________ Right now there are as many as half a million military-style assault guns in the hands of private citizens in the United States. These small, light, easy to handle weapons are exemplified by the Israeli UZI, the American MAC-10 and AR-15, the KG-99. All of these are sophisticated weapons manufactured for the single purpose of killing human beings in large numbers very quickly.3. __________ That American schools have finally been integrated is a myth. The vast majority of African American students attend schools whose student bodies are almost entirely African American. And most whites attend schools where only a tiny minority areAfrican American, Latino, or Asian.4. __________ “All the major Modern movements except for De Stijl, Dada, Constructivism, and Surrealism began before the First World War, and yet they all seem to come out of the 1920s. Why? Because it was in the 1920s that Modern Art achieved 1social chic in Paris, London, Berlin, and New York. Smart people talked about it, wrote about it, enthused over it, and borrowed from it.” —Tom Wolfe, The Painted Word 5. __________ “The argument advanced at a recent government hearing—that because we will not be dependent on plutonium for more than a few hundred years it ‘will not be an important problem indefinitely’—entirely misses the point. Though we may rely on plutonium for only a relatively brief period, the plutonium produced during that period may be with us indefinitely, and it may jeopardize the lives of many times the number of generations that profit from its use.”—Ronald M. Green, “International Justice and Environmental Responsibility”6. __________ “It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied. And if the fool, or the pig, are of a different opinion, it is because they only know their own side of the question.”—John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism7. __________ A recent study shows that you are three times as likely to suffer a heart attack just after you wake up in the morning than at any other time. It is theorized that this may be due to the blood’s having a greater tendency to clot when you first wake up.8. __________ “In time I began to recognize that all of these smaller complaints about rigidity, emotional suffocation, the tortured logic of the law were part of a more fundamental phenomenon in the law itself. Law is at war with ambiguity, with uncertainty. In the courtroom, the adversary system—plaintiff against defendant—guarantees that someone will always win, someone lose. No matter if justice is evenly with each side, no matter if the issues are indefinite and obscure, the rule of law will be declared.”— One L, Scott Turow29. __________ Imagine yourself naked, without weapons, and running after a deer. If youwere to catch this deer how would you eat it? Humans are not equipped with the canine teeth in order to eat meat without tools. A carnivore’s teeth are long and sharp, and its jaws move up and down. Humans, by contrast, use their molars to crush and grind their food. Have you ever noticed that so many Americans are overweight and unhealthy? That’s because they eat meat.10. __________ “The recent failure of a Drake University student to halt his former girlfriend’s plan for an abortion focuses light on a seldom considered situation: While a woman’s right to an abortion should not be weakened, the idea of ‘father’s rights’ raised in this case should be discussed.”— The Daily IowanII. Standardize the following arguments according to Govier’s recommendations, numbering the premises and conclusion(s), adding implicit premises and conclusion if needed. Type your answers beneath each passage. (10 points each)1. Once we understand more clearly what human means, we can see that the view that abortion is wrong because it involves the killing of a human being is a mistaken view. A fetus is only in the same sense that it is a member of the biological species Homo sapiens.But it is not as a biological organism that humans have a right to life. Rather, humans possess full and equal moral rights only as persons—that is, as members of the moral community. A fetus is so unlike a person that it has no significant right to life. It follows, therefore, that a woman’s right to obtain an abortion is absolute. Abortion is morally justified at any stage of fetal development.2. From a letter to the editor: “Recently the California Highway Patrol stopped me at a drunk-drive checkpoint. Now, I don’t like drunk drivers any more than anyone else. I certainly see why the police find the checkpoint system effective. But I think our right to move about freely is much more important. If the checkpoint system continues, then next there will be checkpoints for drugs, seat belts, infant car seats, drivers’ licenses. We will regret it later if we allow the system to continue.”33. We must stop treating juveniles differently from adult offenders. Justice demands it. Justice implies that people should be treated equally. Besides, the social effects of pampering juvenile offenders has sinister social consequences. The record shows that juveniles have been treated leniently for offenses have subsequently committed serious crimes.4. “And we thought we’d heard it all. Now the National Rifle Association wants the U.S. Supreme Court to throw out the ban on private ownership of fully automatic machine guns.“As the nation’s critics reel under staggering murder totals, as


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