DOC PREVIEW
UVM PA 395 - Hydropower

This preview shows page 1-2-16-17-18-33-34 out of 34 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 34 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 34 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 34 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 34 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 34 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 34 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 34 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 34 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

Hydropower 1700’s ~ Early 1800’sLate 1800,sBureau of ReclamationMid-1900’sCurrentlyThree Gorges DamHydro-Electric SystemsIn the beginning…Chinese Casting IronLarge Hydro-systemsSmall Hydro-systemsMicro-hydro systemImpoundment TypeDiversion TypeDiversion (Brazil)Pumped StorageTurbines: Reaction or ImpulseImpulse-type TurbineReaction-type TurbineHome-Micro-HydroMicro-Hydro siteInside of Micro TurbineMicro-Hydro SystemsHydropower – Pros and ConsPowerPoint PresentationFish PassageFish LadderWater Quality and FlowEnvironmentally Friendly TurbinesProsConsConclusionReferencesHydropower 1700’s ~Hydropower 1700’s ~ Early 1800’s Early 1800’sBernard Forest de Bernard Forest de Bélidor Bélidor Architecture Architecture HydrauliqueHydraulique, ,Late 1800,sLate 1800,sMichigan's Grand Michigan's Grand Rapids Electric Light Rapids Electric Light and Power Company.and Power Company.Niagara Falls, New Niagara Falls, New York.York. Fox River in Appleton, Fox River in Appleton, WisconsinWisconsinBureau of ReclamationBureau of ReclamationMid-1900’sMid-1900’sIndustrial ageIndustrial ageNew technologyNew technologyBetter Better ConstructionConstructionBigger BudgetsBigger BudgetsCurrentlyCurrently1/10 of electricity, 1/10 of electricity, US.US.20% World 20% World electricityelectricityThree Gorges DamThree Gorges DamOver one mile longOver one mile long575 feet tall. 575 feet tall. 25-75 billion dollars. 25-75 billion dollars. 20 years of 20 years of construction ;construction ;Completion in 2009Completion in 2009Hydro-Electric SystemsHydro-Electric SystemsSizes- large, small, Sizes- large, small, MicroMicroTypes- Types- Impoundment, diversion, Impoundment, diversion, pumped storagepumped storageTurbinesTurbines- reaction and impulse- reaction and impulseHome-Hydro-PowerHome-Hydro-PowerIn the beginning…In the beginning…Chinese Casting IronChinese Casting IronLarge Hydro-systemsLarge Hydro-systemsDefined as greater Defined as greater than 30 megawatts than 30 megawatts by Department of by Department of EnergyEnergyHoover dam- (1300 MW)Hoover dam- (1300 MW)LargestLargest in World in World Venezuela (Venezuela (10,000MW)10,000MW)China- 18,600 MW China- 18,600 MW (2009)(2009)Small Hydro-systemsSmall Hydro-systemsDOE 100kw – DOE 100kw – 30mw30mwIndustries, townsIndustries, townsThailand (9mw)Thailand (9mw)Micro-hydro systemMicro-hydro systemDOE 0-100 kwDOE 0-100 kwFarm, home, Farm, home, villagevillageIncreasing in Increasing in #’s Today#’s TodayImpoundment TypeImpoundment TypeDiversion TypeDiversion TypeDiversion (Brazil)Diversion (Brazil)Pumped StoragePumped StorageEnergy control- produce Energy control- produce power on demandpower on demand70-80% efficency 70-80% efficency Net electricity Net electricity consumersconsumersCan be PV and wind Can be PV and wind poweredpoweredTurbines: Reaction or Turbines: Reaction or ImpulseImpulseDepends on: head, flow, and pressureDepends on: head, flow, and pressureImpulse- similar to water wheel Impulse- similar to water wheel (cupped (cupped Blades) Spins in the airBlades) Spins in the airReaction- used in large facilitiesReaction- used in large facilities(Blades similar to boat propeller) Submerged in (Blades similar to boat propeller) Submerged in waterwaterImpulse-type TurbineImpulse-type TurbineHigh-head use-High-head use-(Vertical drop > (Vertical drop > 10m)10m)High pressure High pressure (PSI)(PSI)Reaction-type TurbineReaction-type TurbineLow-head Low-head situations (high situations (high flow/ low PSI)flow/ low PSI)Home-Home-MicroMicro-Hydro-HydroHow to determine power?How to determine power?Watts= head x GPM/10 (53% efficiency)Watts= head x GPM/10 (53% efficiency)Power usage- 300-400 watts/Typical N.A. Power usage- 300-400 watts/Typical N.A. home home (refrigerator, washing machine, lights, entertainment, (refrigerator, washing machine, lights, entertainment, communication- standard efficiency)communication- standard efficiency)Efficient house (Efficient house (200200 watts) watts)Micro-Hydro siteMicro-Hydro site15 kw of power15 kw of powerServicing 25 Servicing 25 homeshomes$30,000$30,000Inside of Micro TurbineInside of Micro Turbine4 inch diameter 4 inch diameter impulse turbineimpulse turbineCreates 200 watts Creates 200 watts of powerof powerCost $1440Cost $1440Micro-Hydro SystemsMicro-Hydro SystemsEasy and DurableEasy and DurableCost of Cost of turbine/alternator turbine/alternator $1000-$3000$1000-$3000Legal regulationsLegal regulationsHydropower – Pros and Hydropower – Pros and ConsConsCurrent hydropower technology, while Current hydropower technology, while essentially emission-free, can have essentially emission-free, can have undesirable environmental effects, such as fish undesirable environmental effects, such as fish injury and mortality from passage through injury and mortality from passage through turbines, as well as detrimental effects on the turbines, as well as detrimental effects on the quality of downstream water.quality of downstream water.Fish PassageFish PassageFish populations can be impacted if fish cannot Fish populations can be impacted if fish cannot migrate upstream past impoundment dams to migrate upstream past impoundment dams to spawning grounds or if they cannot migrate spawning grounds or if they cannot migrate downstream to the ocean. downstream to the ocean. Upstream fish passage Upstream fish passage Fish ladders or elevatorsFish ladders or elevatorstruckstrucksDownstream fish passageDownstream fish passageaided by diverting fish from turbine intakes using aided by diverting fish from turbine intakes using screens or racks or even underwater lights and screens or racks or even underwater lights and sounds, and by maintaining a minimum spill flow sounds, and by maintaining a minimum spill flow past the turbine. past the turbine.Fish LadderFish LadderWater Quality and FlowWater Quality and FlowHydropower plants can cause low dissolved Hydropower plants can cause low dissolved oxygen levels in the water, a problem that is oxygen levels in the water, a problem that is harmful to riparian habitats and is addressed harmful to riparian habitats and is addressed using various aeration techniques. Maintaining using various aeration techniques. Maintaining minimum


View Full Document

UVM PA 395 - Hydropower

Documents in this Course
Load more
Download Hydropower
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Hydropower and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Hydropower 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?