Slide 1Problems with IPv4IPv6 HistoryIPv6 TimelineIPv6 FeaturesIPv6 AddressIPv6 Address notationIPv6 address notation – exampleTypes of addressesAggregatable global unicast addressIPv6 Header FormatIPv6 Extension HeadersShow IPv6 Sockets ExampleIntroduction to IPv6ECE4110Problems with IPv4•32-bit addresses give about 4,000,000 addresses•IPv4 Addresses WILL run out at some point–Some predicted by 2008, obviously did not happen–NAT has helped slow the rate of exhaustion for addresses, but does not solve the problem completely.•Rapid increase in routing tables as network grows•Variable size header (20 bytes fixed + options)•Options have limited use due to limited sizeIPv6 History•RFC 2460, Basic Protocol 1998•RFC 2553, IPv6 Socket API, 2003•RFC 3775, Mobile IPv6, 2004•RFC 3697, Flow Label Specifications, 2004•RFC 4291, Address Architecture, 2006IPv6 Timelinehttp://www.nanog.org/mtg-0302/ppt/hain.pdfIPv6 Features•New, fixed size header format•Large Address Space (about 10^38 addresses)•Better Support for Hierarchical Addressing–Smaller routing tables?•Automatic “link-local” address assignment•Includes IPSec (Secure IP) Support•Neighbor Discovery•Extension Headers•Multicast•Quality of ServiceIPv6 AddressNetwork part Host partmanaged by organization0 12864MACSubnet address used by the organization(fixed length)IPv6 Address notation•Basic rules–“:” in every 2 bytes–Hex digits•shorthand–heading 0s in each block can be omitted–“0000” → “0”–“0:all zeros in between :0” can be “::”IPv6 address notation – example•3ffe:0501:0008:0000:0260:97ff:fe40:efab–3ffe:501:8:0:260:97ff:fe40:efab–3ffe:501:8::260:97ff:fe40:feab•ff02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001–ff02:0:0:0:0:0:0:1–ff02::1Types of addresses1st 4bits of the adddress Use0 (0000) Special address1 (0001) Special address2 (0010) Aggregatable global unicast address3 (0011) Aggregatable global unicast address4 (0100) Unassigned5 (0101) Unassigned6 (0110) Unassigned7 (0111) Unassigned8 (1000) Unassigned9 (1001) Unassigneda (1010) Unassignedb (1011) Unassignedc (1100) Unassignedd (1101) Unassignede (1110) link-local, site-local, multicastf (1111) link-local, site-local,multicastAggregatable global unicast address0 16byte82 4 6 10 12 140 128bit6432 96TLA NLA Interface identifierSLATLA – Top Level Aggregator … assigned for 8K major providers(13+3bits)NLA – Next Level Aggregator … assigned for smaller providersSLA – Site Level Aggregator … subnet numbers within organizations (16bits)NLA1NLA2NLA3IPv6 Header FormatVer6 PrioFlow LabelHop LimitPayload Length Next HeaderSource AddressDestination AddressIPv6 Extension Headers•Hop-by-Hop Options–Every router on the path must examine and process•Routing Options–Similar to source routing in IPv4•Fragment Header•Destination Options Header–Options processed at destination node only•Authentication Header–Checksumming•Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)–Remainder of packet is encryptedShow IPv6 Sockets
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