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MIT 2.71/2.71009/07/05 wk1-b-12.71/2.710 OpticsMIT 2.71/2.71009/07/05 wk1-b-22.71/2.710 OpticsInstructor: George Barbastathis, 3-461c, [email protected] Assistant: Wenyang Sun, 1-025, [email protected]. Assistant: Nicole Hanafin, 3-461, [email protected]: http://web.mit.edu/2.710/wwwUnits: 3-0-9, Prerequisites: 8.02, 18.03, 2.0032.71: meets the Course 2 Restricted Elective requirement2.710: H-Level, meets the MS requirement in Design“gateway” subject for Doctoral Qualifying exam in OpticsLectures: Mo 10-11, We 9-11Classroom: 32-144MIT 2.71/2.71009/07/05 wk1-b-3MIT 2.71/2.71009/07/05 wk1-b-4MIT 2.71/2.71009/07/05 wk1-b-5MIT 2.71/2.71009/07/05 wk1-b-6MIT 2.71/2.71009/07/05 wk1-b-7Class objectives• Cover the fundamental properties of light propagation and interaction with matter under the approximations of geometrical optics and scalar wave optics, emphasizing– physical intuition and underlying mathematical tools– systems approach to analysis and design of optical systems• Application of the physical concepts to topical engineering domains, chosen from– high-definition optical microscopy– optical switching and routing for data communications and computer interconnects– optical data storage– interface to human visual perception and learningMIT 2.71/2.71009/07/05 wk1-b-8ImagingInformationsensingInformationstorage/recallInformationtransmission(telecom)Informationdisplay(projectors)Materials/tissueprocessingInstrumentation/ metrologyOptics in EngineeringLithographyMIT 2.71/2.71009/07/05 wk1-b-9Topics• Geometrical optics– Basic ray-tracing– Image formation and imaging systems– Optical system design• Wave optics– Scalar linear wave propagation– Wave properties of light– Polarization– Interference and interferometers– Fourier/systems approach to light propagation– Spatial filtering, resolution, coherent & incoherent image formation, space-bandwidth product– Wavefront modulation, holography, diffractive opticsMIT 2.71/2.71009/07/05 wk1-b-10What you need• Absolutely necessary– Euclidean geometry– calculus with complex variables– Taylor series approximation– MATLAB or other computation/visualization software– linear systems (2.003 level, we will extensively review)• Helpful if you know but we will cover here– basic electrodynamics– basic wave propagation– Fourier analysisMIT 2.71/2.71009/07/05 wk1-b-11Class compass• Announcements, notes, assignments, solutions, links– http://web.mit.edu/2.710/www• Broadcasts– [email protected]• Textbooks: “Optics” by E. Hecht, 4thedition (Addison-Wesley)– “Introduction to Fourier optics” by J. W. Goodman, 2ndedition (McGraw-Hill)• Other recommended texts: – “Waves and fields in optoelectronics” by H. A. Haus– “Optics” by Klein and Furtak– “Fundamentals of photonics” by Saleh and Teich– “Fundamentals of optics” by Jenkins and White– “Modern Optical Engineering” by W. J. SmithMIT 2.71/2.71009/07/05 wk1-b-12Administrative: 2.71• Grade: 30% homeworks, 40% quiz, 30% final exam• Ten homeworks– each due 1 week after post date (see syllabus)– see website for collaboration & late policies– mainly “comprehension” problems• Occasional lab demonstrations (optional)MIT 2.71/2.71009/07/05 wk1-b-13Administrative: 2.710• Grade: 25% homeworks, 30% quizes, 20% project, 25% final exam• Ten homeworks– each due 1 week after post date (see syllabus)– see website for collaboration & late policies– both “comprehension” and “open-ended” problems• Occasional lab demonstrations (optional)•Project–teams of 5– selected among one of the application areas (topics soon TBA)– start on We. Nov. 2– weekly or so info meetings with instr/TA– oral presentation on Weds. Nov. 30MIT 2.71/2.71009/07/05 wk1-b-14Applications / Projects• Confocal microscopy– optical slicing– fluorescence– two-photon– real-time– holographic– spectroscopic– bio-imaging, imaging through turbulence • Super-resolution– apodizing filters– hybrid (optics+signal processing) approaches– information-theoretic viewpoint• Optical data storage– optical disks (CD’s, DVD’s, MO disks)– holographic memories• Optical switching– optical MEMS– liquid crystals– thermo-optics– acousto-optics– Statistical optics– Coherence imaging (van Cittert-Zernicke theorem, radio astronomy)– Optical coherence tomography– X-ray tomography (Slice Projection theorem, Radon transforms)MIT 2.71/2.71009/07/05 wk1-b-15Administrative: both•Two quizes:– Quiz 1 on Wednesday Oct. 12, 9am (in class)• content: geometrical optics– Quiz 2 on Monday Nov. 28, 10am (in class)• content: wave (Fourier) optics• Final exam:– scheduled by the Registrar– comprehensive on everything covered in class• Practice problems will be posted before each quiz and the final• Absence from quizes/final: Institute policies apply• Grading: Institute definitions applyMIT 2.71/2.71009/07/05 wk1-b-16Administrative: both (cont.)• TA Office hours: Tuesday 2-4pm• Unlimited email access (broadcasts encouraged), best effort to reply within 24hrs.• Recitations during scheduled class hours– most Mondays (some separate for 2.71 and 2.710)– broadcast by e-mail when not in syllabus–contents• example problems (usually before homeworks are due)• homework solutions (after homework due dates)• extended coverage of some special topics (e.g., optical design software; 2D Fourier transforms)• suggestions welcomeMIT 2.71/2.71009/07/05 wk1-b-17Brief history of Optics• Ancient Greeks (~5-3 century BC)– Pythagoras (rays emerge from the eyes)– Democritus (bodies emit “magic” substance, simulacra)– Plato (combination of both of the above)– Aristotle (motion transfer between object & eye)•Middle Ages– Alkindi, Alhazen defeat emission hypothesis (~9-10 century AD)– Lens is invented by accident (northern Italy, ~12thcentury AD)– Della Porta, da Vinci, Descartes, Gallileo, Kepler formulate geometrical optics, explain lens behavior, construct optical instruments (~15thcentury AD)• Beyond the middle ages:– Newton (1642-1726) and Huygens (1629-1695) fight over nature of lightMIT 2.71/2.71009/07/05 wk1-b-18Brief history of optics (cont’ed)•18th–19thcenturies– Fresnel, Young experimentally observe diffraction, defeat Newton’s particle theory– Maxwell formulates electro-magnetic equations, Hertz verifies antenna emission


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MIT 2 710 - Optics

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