AluminumAl factsHistory of DiscoveryHistory Con’dUses of AlOre Mineral of AlMajor producers of bauxiteBauxite mining in SurinameAl ProducersBayer ProcessAl SmeltingWhat do we need to make one pound of Al?Environmental ProblemsBauxite ReservesRate of use in 2006Your homeworkAl Recycling in the U.S.In Class ProblemData NeededSlide 20AluminumMetal of the 21st CenturyAl facts•8.13 wt.% of the crust•Weighs about 1/3 of Cu or Fe•Malleable, ductile, easily cast and machined, corrosion resistant•Excellent conductor of electricityHistory of Discovery•Rubies and Sapphires–Corundum•1809 recognized as alumina•1825 Al isolated value>>> Au•1886 Electrolytic process developed–Charles Hall U.S.–Paul Heroult FranceHistory Con’d•1886 Chemical process of cleaning bauxite –Karl Bayer Austria•1947 First Al foilUses of Al•Packaging•Transportation•Building•Electrical wires•Al compounds–Petroleum industry, refractories, grinding and polishing, synthetic jewelsOre Mineral of AlMajor producers of bauxite•Producers in 2006Bauxite mining in SurinameAl Producers•2001•2006Bayer Process•1888•From the World Al institute–http://www.world-aluminium.org/production/refining/chemistry.htmlAl Smelting•Hall-Heroult•Al InstituteWhat do we need to make one pound of Al?•4 # of bauxite ore–Yields•2# of alumina–Yields•1# of AlEnvironmental Problems•Red mud from Bayer process•F from electrolysisBauxite Reserves•1985 21 billion ton•1990 21.8 billion ton•1993 23 billion ton•2006 25 billion tonRate of use in 2006•177 million tons per year•How long will the reserves last?–Answer: about 141 yearsYour homework•By Thursday I would like you to come up with an estimate of how much it costs to produce a ton of Al----you will need to look up data on the web or in books in the library but for this, usually the web is betterAl Recycling in the U.S.In Class Problem•1990-2000: recycled about 1.55 million T of Al from old scrap•2000-2006: drops to about 1.1 million•What does this save the U.S. in electricity??Data Needed•Production of 1# of Al uses approximately 10 kwh of elec•There are about 2200# in a metric T•The average cost for industrial electricity in the U.S. in 2006 was 6.11 cents/kwh•Takes 5% of the energy to remelt old scrap as it does to produce new
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