Digital ElectronicsAnalog Vs. DigitalSlide 3The TransistorBoolean AlgebraBasic Logic Circuits: ANDBasic Logic Circuits: ORBasic Logic Circuits: NOTBasic Logic Circuits: NANDBasic Logic Circuits: NORIntegrated Circuits (Chips)Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Light Emitting Diodes (LED)Power MOSFETsLaying Out the CircuitToday’s GoalsLab 2 P. 1 Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Winter QuarterThe Ohio State UniversityGateway Engineering Education CoalitionDigital ElectronicsLab 2Lab 2 P. 2 Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Winter QuarterThe Ohio State UniversityGateway Engineering Education CoalitionAnalog Vs. DigitalLab 2 P. 3 Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Winter QuarterThe Ohio State UniversityGateway Engineering Education CoalitionAnalog Vs. Digital•Analog–Continuous–Can take on any values in a given range–Very susceptible to noise•Digital–Discrete–Can only take on certain values in a given range–Can be less susceptible to noiseLab 2 P. 4 Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Winter QuarterThe Ohio State UniversityGateway Engineering Education CoalitionThe Transistor•Basic element of digital electronics•Typically built into integrated circuits•Can act like a “switch”Lab 2 P. 5 Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Winter QuarterThe Ohio State UniversityGateway Engineering Education CoalitionBoolean Algebra•Symbolic representation of logic statements•Uses many basic arithmetic symbols: +, -, (), etc.Lab 2 P. 6 Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Winter QuarterThe Ohio State UniversityGateway Engineering Education CoalitionBasic Logic Circuits: ANDSymbolBoolean EquationY = A•BTruth Table111001010000YBAAYBLab 2 P. 7 Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Winter QuarterThe Ohio State UniversityGateway Engineering Education CoalitionBasic Logic Circuits: ORSymbolBoolean EquationY = A+BTruth Table111101110000YBAAYBLab 2 P. 8 Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Winter QuarterThe Ohio State UniversityGateway Engineering Education CoalitionBasic Logic Circuits: NOTSymbolBoolean Equation _Y = ATruth Table0110YAA YLab 2 P. 9 Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Winter QuarterThe Ohio State UniversityGateway Engineering Education CoalitionBasic Logic Circuits: NAND•NAND = “not AND”• Commonly used to implement other logic circuitsSymbolBoolean Equation _____Y = (A•B)Truth Table011101110100YBAAYBLab 2 P. 10 Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Winter QuarterThe Ohio State UniversityGateway Engineering Education CoalitionBasic Logic Circuits: NOR•NOR = “not OR”SymbolBoolean Equation _____Y = (A+B)Truth Table011001010100YBAAYBLab 2 P. 11 Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Winter QuarterThe Ohio State UniversityGateway Engineering Education CoalitionIntegrated Circuits (Chips)•A collection of many transistors, resistors, and capacitors on a single silicon wafer•The wafer is mounted to a carrier for ease of use and dissipation of heat115847Notches mark pin 1 end or pin 1 of IC (highlighted for clarity)Lab 2 P. 12 Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Winter QuarterThe Ohio State UniversityGateway Engineering Education CoalitionTerminal posts for power (red) and ground (black) connectionsPrototype board for circuit layoutLab 2 P. 13 Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Winter QuarterThe Ohio State UniversityGateway Engineering Education CoalitionMetal strips create electrically-connected holes on the frontBack side of Prototyping BoardLab 2 P. 14 Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Winter QuarterThe Ohio State UniversityGateway Engineering Education CoalitionNote the gaps where there are no electrical connectionsLab 2 P. 15 Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Winter QuarterThe Ohio State UniversityGateway Engineering Education CoalitionExamples of electrically-connected holesLab 2 P. 16 Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Winter QuarterThe Ohio State UniversityGateway Engineering Education CoalitionAnd the corresponding gapsLab 2 P. 17 Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Winter QuarterThe Ohio State UniversityGateway Engineering Education CoalitionThe channel is for ICs so that each pin will have its own independent row of connected holesLab 2 P. 18 Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Winter QuarterThe Ohio State UniversityGateway Engineering Education CoalitionLight Emitting Diodes (LED)•Function depends on orientation•Pass electrical current in one direction only•Illuminates when current is flowing through it •Emits light proportional to current through diode•Must have current limited by a resistor in seriesLab 2 P. 19 Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Winter QuarterThe Ohio State UniversityGateway Engineering Education CoalitionPower MOSFETs•Allows control of high current DC loads by low-voltage digital signals•With a ‘1’ signal at the gate, current may flow from drain to source. Otherwise, the path is closedLab 2 P. 20 Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Winter QuarterThe Ohio State UniversityGateway Engineering Education CoalitionLaying Out the Circuit•Chips “bridge” the gaps•Devices in adjacent horizontal rows are connected•Make sure power is turned off until circuit is finished!Lab 2 P. 21 Engineering H192 - Computer Programming Winter QuarterThe Ohio State UniversityGateway Engineering Education CoalitionToday’s Goals•Build digital circuits on your breadboards and determine their function•Test the Mystery Circuit•Build a circuit to operate a motor with a power
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