Learning Guide for Chapter 2 - Introduction to Organic moleculesI. Ways to Represent Organic molecules - p 1II. Classification of Organic Molecules - p 3III. Physical Properties of Organic Molecules - p 10 Intermolecular forces States of Matter and Transitions between them SolubilityI. Ways to represent organic moleculesThe molecule which causes the odor of ripe bananas is shown in several different ways below. Identify each and explain it characteristics.C7H14O2 # of atoms of each element1st C, then H, all others in alphabetical ordernot specific enough - could be more than one compoundOCC OHHHCHCHHHHCCHHHHHCHshows all atoms, bonds, e- pairsidentifies a specific moleculetakes too long to draw, uses incorrect anglesH3C COO CH2CH2CH CH3CH3H's written next to C'soften used in printstill takes too long to draw, uses incorrect anglesoften doesn't show e- pairsOOshows bonds between C atoms, O's N's, e- pairscorrect angles, easiest to draw, but requires a special programto create on computerisopentyl acetategives structure if you know how to interpret iteasy to printCH3CO2(CH2)2CH(CH3)2extra condensed version - uses ( ) to put it all on one line(draw in C's to show what it means)molecular formulaLewis structurecondensed structureline structurenameC4H10OOHC OHCH3H3CCH3C OCCCHHHHHHH HHHHOOHONH2OHOOHO CH2CH2OHC2H6O2C3H6OC3H6O2C3H9NC7H13ClC5H12OH3C COCH3CHNH2H3C CH3H3C CH2COOHH2CH2CCH2CHCH2CH2H3C O C CH3CH3CH3CH2C OCOH3CH3CH3C CHCH3CONH CH3C C CH2CH3H3CCH3COClC CCHCH2H2CCHH2C CH2COOOONHOClOLG Ch 2 p 2molecular formula:Lewis structure:condensed structure:line structure:Give a molecular formula and condensed structure for the following line structures.Give a line structure for the following condensed structures.Here is the line structure for tert-butyl alcohol. What is its molecular formula, condensed structure, and line structure?name: tert-butyl alcoholH3Cor (CH3)3COHHOCH2CH2OHCH3COCH3CH3CH(NH2)CH3CH3CH2CO2HCH3OC(CH3)3C5H9CH2CH2ClClCH2ClCH3LG Ch 2 p 3II. Classification of Organic MoleculesWhy is it important to put organic compounds into categories?there are so many compounds, we group them together by how they behaveHow do chemists decide what categories to create?how they reactGeneral terms:C C C Ccompounds with only C, H:C CC Chydrocarboncompounds containing a benzene ring: aromaticcompounds which don't have a benzene ring:aliphaticcompounds containing carbon-carbon double or triple bonds (not in a benzene ring):unsaturatedcompounds which don't have a carbon-carbondouble or triple bond (or a benzene ring):saturatedLabel the following compounds with all terms that apply to them.hydrocarbonunsaturatedaliphaticOHunsaturatedaliphaticOaromaticHOaromaticunsaturatedhydrocarbonaromaticunsaturatedhydrocarbonsaturatedaliphatichydrocarbonaromatichydrocarbonunsaturatedaliphatic(not in benzene rings)LG Ch 2 p 4What is a functional group?the part of the compound that reactspattern of atoms that react a certain wayalkane only C-Csingle bondsend in: -anepentaneHydrocarbon functional groupsfunctional groupdescriptionname2-pentenealkene C=C(not in benzene ring)end in: -enealkyne(I may use C---Cend in: -yne2-pentyneLabel the alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes below.aromatic hydrocarbonalkanearomatic alkenealkynearomatic alkynealkanealkene &alkynealkeneto indicate a triple bond in notes)C CLG Ch 2 p 5Functional groups containing only oxygen:alcoholOHC-OHend in: -olcontain: -hydroxy-1-propanolfunctional groupdescriptionnamecarboxylic acidOOHend in: -acidpropanoic acidOHetheresteranhydrideOOOOOOC-O-Cend in: -ethercontain: -methoxy- etcend in: -ateend in: -anhydridediethyl ethermethyl propanoateacetic anhydrideCOCaldehydeketoneOHOH must be written!end in: -aldehydeend in: -alcontain: -oxo-end in: -oneend in: -ketonecontain: -oxopropanal3-pentanoneC=OOOHOCOCOCOCOOCHOCCConlyLG Ch 2 p 6Label the following compounds with the functional group they contain.Oaromatic ketoneOetherOHunsaturatedalcoholOHOketonealcoholOHOOOaldehydeesteresterOHOcarboxylic acidOO OanhydrideOOHalcoholetherOOHcarboxylic acidOHOaldehydeFunctional groups containing nitrogen:functional groupdescriptionnameamineamidenitrilenitroNH2NH2ONNO2C-Nend in: -aminecontain: -amino-ethyl amineC=O w/N on one sideend i: -amideacetamideend in: -nitrilecontain: -cyano-propanenitrileC-NO2contain: -nitro-nitroethaneNOONOOC NLG Ch 2 p 7HNamineO NO2ketonenitroNH2unsaturatedamineNaromaticnitrilenitroONH2amideNnitrileNOamidealcoholOHNO2Label the compounds below.Functional groups containing halogens:functional groupdescriptionnamealkyl halidearyl halideacid chlorideClBrClOC-Xend in: fluoride, chloridebromide, or iodidecontain: -fluoro-, -chloro-,-bromo-, or -iodo-end in: -chloride"ethyl chloridebromobenzeneacetyl chloride" "Label the compounds below.Bralkyl halideClOaromaticacid chlorideBraryl halideClaromaticalkyl halideClO OClacid chlorideketonealkyl halideHow are these two compounds different?BrBraryl halidealkyl halideX(X = halogen)OCl(other acid halides exist, but are too reactive to be useful)directly attached!bromobenzenebenzyl bromidenotice-notalso an amineLG Ch 2 p 8What would each of the following compounds become if a C=O was added next to the existing functional group?alkane aldehydealkyl chlorideacid chloridealcohol carboxylic acidamineamideetheranhydrideClOHNHOOOOOHOOO OOWhat can you tell about the following compounds from their names?N-ethylpropanamine3-methoxy-1-propanol3-bromobenzamideamineetheramide3-oxo-pentanoic acidcarboxylic acidNHOOHNH2OBrOOHONO24-nitro-2-penteneunsaturated (not an alkene - contains an N)OONmethyl 3-cyanobenzoateesterwithoutC=Owith C=OketoneesteralcoholaromaticBrcould be alkyl or aryl halidecan't tell until you know the structurealdehyde or ketonenitro groupnitrilearomaticnote - likewise an compound may end in ane or yne but not be an alkane or alkyne if there is an N, O, or XLG Ch 2 p 9OHOOOHOmethyl salicylate(oil of wintergreen)p-aminobenzoic acid - PABA(used in sunblocks)Identify the functional groups present in the following compounds. Which are aromatic? Which are unsaturated?HOOHOvanillinOOHtestosteroneOOOO ONheroinH2Ncarboxylic acidaminearomaticalcoholesteraldehydeetheralcoholamineesteretheresteralcoholketoneunsaturatedaromaticaromaticaromaticIII. Physical Properties of Organic MoleculesLG Ch 2 p 10List some physical properties of organic compounds.What determines the physical properties of a compound?color, odor, state of matter, melting point, boiling point, density, water solubility, etcthe structure of