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MIT AST 101 - Exam 4

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Astronomy 101, Exam #4 B Name___________________________________________________________________No notes, No books; You can use calculatorsConstants that you may need to know:c = 3 x 108 m/s 1 AU = 1.49 ×1011 meters 1 light year = 9.46 × 1015 metersh = 6.626 x 10-34 J●s mass of Earth = 5.97 × 1024 kg mass of Sun = 1.99 x 1030 kgG = 6.67 × 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2mass of Moon = 7.35 x 1022 kg mass of Jupiter = 1.90 x 1027 kgg = 9.8 m/s2radius of Earth = 6.38 × 106 m radius of Jupiter = 7.15 × 107 mσ = 5.67 x 10-8 W m-2 K-41 nm = 1 x 10-9 meters radius of Moon = 1.74 × 106 m 1) The first rover to study the surface of Mars was …A) SojournerB) VeneraC) Viking 2D) SpiritE) Beagle 22) The significance of finding hematite on Mars is that …A) Hematite is formed during asteroid impactsB) Hematite is produced by ancient lifeformsC) Hematite on Earth can be formed in the presence of waterD) Hematite needs a magnetic field to formE) Hematite is always found with sulfates on Earth3) Olympus Mons is evidence that …A) An ancient ocean existed on the surface of MarsB) Volcanic activity occurred on the surface of MarsC) Life existed on MarsD) Water existed on MarsE) Mars has two moons4) Mars’ moons are called …A) Iapetus and CallistoB) Ganymede and EuropaC) Phobos and DeimosD) Ceres and PallasE) Hebe and JunoAstronomy 101, Exam #4 B 5) The asteroid impact that may have led to the demise of the dinosaurs is thought to have occurred at the K-T boundary. What does K-T stand for?A) Cambrian-TriassicB) Kasimovian -TertiaryC) Cambrian-TriassicD) Cretaceous-TertiaryE) Kasimovian-Triassic6) What is true about the magnetic field of Mars?A) Mars never had a magnetic fieldB) Mars’ magnetic field tended to be much weaker in the past compared to todayC) Mars’ magnetic field tended to be much stronger in the past compared to todayD) The only evidence for a magnetic field on Mars is data from the Northern HemisphereE) The magnetic field stops impacts from occurring on the surface of Mars7) The Face on Mars refers to …A) A crater on Mars that looks like a happy faceB) A series of craters on Mars that looks like a happy faceC) A rock formation on Mars that looks like a human faceD) How Mars looks like a face when seen from EarthE) A series of canals on Mars that looks like a happy face8) Why do scientists think that an asteroid impact occurred at the K-T boundary?A) The concentration of hematite increased at the K-T boundaryB) The concentration of lithium increased at the K-T boundaryC) The concentration of iridium increased at the K-T boundaryD) The concentration of sulfates increased at the K-T boundaryE) The concentration of argon increased at the K-T boundary9) Percival Lowell …A) Discovered MarsB) Discovered the Martian Polar CapsC) Thought that there were canals on Mars that transported waterD) Discovered the two moons of MarsE) Thought that Mars’ lost its water after an impact with an asteroidAstronomy 101, Exam #4 B 10) Put these spacecrafts in order when they landed on the surface of Mars.1976  2008A) Viking 1, Mars Pathfinder, Phoenix, OpportunityB) Mars Pathfinder, Viking 1, Phoenix, OpportunityC) Viking 1, Opportunity, Mars Pathfinder, PhoenixD) Viking 1, Mars Pathfinder, Opportunity, PhoenixE) Viking 1, Phoenix, Mars Pathfinder, Opportunity11) How did MOLA on the Mars Global Surveyor determine the altitude of surface features on Mars?A) Looking at shadows on the surface of MarsB) Transmits infrared laser pulses towards Mars and measures the time for the pulses to return to the spacecraftC) Measures the density of different surface features on Mars by measuring the gravitational acceleration on the spacecraftD) Counting craters on the surface of MarsE) Determining the lengths of channels on the surface of Mars12) Which spacecraft landed on the surface of Venus and took pictures of the surface?A) Pioneer 9B) Mariner 10C) Venera 9D) GalileoE) Callisto13) The Habitable Zone in our solar system refers to …A) A sea on Mars that could contain lifeB) The region around the Sun in which planets could potentially have surface temperatures which frozen water could exist.C) The region around the Sun in which planets could potentially have surface temperatures which liquid water could exist.D) The region around the Sun in which planets could contain substantial amounts of carbonE) The region of the Solar System between Mercury and MarsAstronomy 101, Exam #4 B 14) Most Martian meteorites have crystallization ages of 1.35 and 0.15 billion years. What do these ages tell you about the surface of Mars?A) Mars must have had liquid water on its surfaceB) Mars have had volcanic activity on its surface in the last billion yearsC) Mars must have had an ocean in the last billion yearsD) Mars must have had a magnetic field in the last billion yearsE) Mars must have a CO2-rich atmosphere in the last billion years15) Which country or countries have sent spacecraft or spacecrafts to Mars and used these spacecraft or spacecrafts to return samples of Mars back to Earth?A) No country has used a spacecraft to return samples directly from MarsB) Just the United StatesC) Just the Soviet UnionD) Just ChinaE) Just the United States and the Soviet Union16) The Tunguska event refers to …A) The impact that formed Meteor Crater in ArizonaB) The formation of the Weird Terrain on MercuryC) The huge explosion in the atmosphere that occurred over SiberiaD) The impact that may have killed off the dinosaursE) The formation of Olympus Mons17) What formula would you use to model the energy of an asteroid impact on the surface of Mercury?A) Energy of the impact = mass of the asteroid times the speed of light squaredB) Energy of the impact = one-half times the mass of the asteroid times the velocity of the asteroid squaredC) Energy of the impact = Planck’s constant time the frequency of the lightD) Energy of the impact = mass of the asteroid times the velocity of the asteroid cubedE) Energy of the impact = mass of the asteroid times the speed of light cubed18) Why did scientists worry about their estimated salt content for Martian water fromobservations done by Spirit?A) The water may have not been salty enough to support lifeB) The water may have been too salty to support lifeC) The salts may have been the result of Martian lifeD) The


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MIT AST 101 - Exam 4

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