Designing & Using Charts & GraphsOverviewPie chartsThings to avoid on a pieProportional bar chartBar chartsLine graphsPicture chart or graphTips for diagrams and mapsOrganizational chartsFigure and Table LabelsLying with graphsLying charts and statisticsDesigning & Using Charts & Graphs Compiled by: Jim LucasModified by: Luke ReeseFranklin (42-48, 91-96, 105-114, 280-282, 305-311)OverviewAfter this presentation, you should better understand:- Using the right chart or graph to present your information- Design principles for charts and graphs- How to lie and cheat with graphs, numbers and statisticsUse the right toolPercentage and ProportionPercentage and Proportion Pie, divided bar chartRankingsRankings Visual table, bar or line graphCumulative totalsCumulative totals Layer or stacked graphValue, time, space relationshipsValue, time, space relationships Diagram, chart, or mapPie charts- Pie is based on ________________- Slice represents relative amount of a ________________ - Slices should be percentages—not absolute values- Good design:o Easily distinguished pie slices o ________________ slice starts at 12 o’clock and continues clockwiseo Slice size decreases clockwise around pieo Label the pie ________________Things to avoid on a pie- Exploding all the slices- Inconsistent labeling- Legends- No labelingProportional bar chart- Used to show proportional amounts as a pie chart- Use side scale for more ________________ measures- Make it wide enough to read- If you have multiple bars, put the least varying factors firstBar charts- Use to show change in ________________ (ordered sequence, e.g., 1st, 2nd, 3rd) or ________________ (name or form, e.g., Yahoo, Google, Ask.com) data- Usually vertical, but use horizontal if it makes sense- Color code consistently- Avoid ________________ emphasizing one line- If you use a legend, have it follow the ________________of your barsLine graphs- Used to show change in ________________and ________________ data- Vary color or line weight to call attention to specific points- Points on the line are important for precise values- Be consistent with________________- Put warm, bright colored lines on top- Use a scale that accurately reflects the change in informationPicture chart or graph- You can use pictures in the place of a bar chart or graph- Follow color and ________________ conventions- Have the pictures align in the same direction- Vary size not color or shadingTips for diagrams and maps- Follow the culture of the information- Identify relationships on a chart- Use color, line weight, shading to organize information- Show only ________________ information- Avoid gridlines unless neededOrganizational charts- Squares or rectangles to indicate divisions- ________________down structure- Solid lines - direct relationships- Dashed line - indirect relationshipsFigure and Table Labels- Very important- Number each figure sequentially- Place label under chart in same location (repetition)- Provide a title- Provide an informative caption to identify the purpose or meaning- All figures ________________referenced in the narrative- Figure placed as close as possible immediately ________________ the narrative referenceLying with graphs- Altering the y-axis- Distorted shapes- ________________ start point - Using color, lines or other technique to distort differences - Using 3-D effects or distortionsLying charts and statistics- Percentages and absolute values- Numbers are relative- Squishy numbers and figures- Value labels-