BiofuelsTypes of Biofuel: EthanolSlide 3Slide 4Biggest SuppliersIncrease in ProductionMaking Ethanol From SeedEnergy YieldMaking Ethanol From Cellulosics: Cell Wall BreakdownMaking Ethanol From CellulosicsTypes of Biofuel: BiodieselMaking BiodieselBioFuel from Vegetable OilPros: Energy YieldSlide 15Slide 16Pros: Reduced EmissionsCons: Loss of Land for Food ProductionLoss of RainforestsWater Use IncreasesSoil FertilityPrice of Corn Food vs. Fuel?BiofuelsDeveloped by Beth MorganDept. of Plant BiologyTypes of Biofuel: EthanolEthanol can be produced using:MiscanthusSwitchgrassSugar cane bagasseCorn stoverHybrid poplarBiggest SuppliersIncrease in ProductionMaking Ethanol From Seed1. Grow and collect grain.2. Grind kernels into meal.3. Heat and enzymes convert starch to sugar.4. Anaerobic respiration by yeast.5. Alcohol (ethanolº is distilled out of mixture.EthanolEnergy YieldMaking Ethanol From Cellulosics: Cell Wall BreakdownMaking Ethanol From Cellulosics1. Collection, storage & transportation to refinery.2. Dirt & debris removed from material and then shredded into small particles.3. Heat, pressure or acid treatment. Enzymes in solution are used to breakdown cellulose, hemicellulose to sugars. Lignin is removed.4. Syrup of sugars is filtered from solids.5. Anaerobic fermentation by bacteria to produce alcohol (and carbon dioxide).6. Further enzymatic breakdown of cellulose and lignin.7. Anaerobic fermentation by bacteria to produce alcohol (and carbon dioxide).8. Alcohol is distilled.9. More water removed.10. Stored for distribution and use.Types of Biofuel: BiodieselBio-diesel can be produced using:Jatropha tree Palm oilCamelinaAlgaeMaking BiodieselBiodieselBiodieselWaterWaterWashed BiodieselWashed BiodieselWaste Waste VegetablVegetable Oile OilLyeLyeMethanolMethanol MethoxideMethoxideMethoxideMethoxideWVOWVOGlycerinGlycerinBiodieselBiodieselBiodieselBiodieselWaterWaterWashed BiodieselWashed BiodieselBioFuel from Vegetable OilPros: Energy YieldPros: Energy YieldFor every unit of fossil energy used in the entire biodiesel production cycle, 3.2 units of energy are gained when the fuel is burned, or a positive energy balance of 320 percent.Pros: Energy YieldFuelEnergy yield Net (loss) or gainGasoline 0.805 (19.5%)Diesel 0.843 (15.7%)Ethanol 1.34 34%Biodiesel 3.2 320%(gain is from photosynthesis)Pros: Reduced EmissionsEmissions of major air pollutants from diesel enginesCons: Loss of Land for Food ProductionLoss of RainforestsWater Use IncreasesSoil FertilityPoplar treesSwitchgrass harvest in the NetherlandsSoybean harvestPrice of Corn Food vs.
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