CS 101 / 101-EWhat is a computer?The first computersComputer SizeComputer OrganizationSlide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Home networkBackbonesNetwork communicationFirst Programming LanguagesJava Lineage1CS 101 / 101-EAaron BloomfieldChapter 1: Hardware2What is a computer?•Not a rhetorical question!•“A device that computes, especially a programmable electronic machine that performs high-speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes information”–From American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition•By definition, a (properly functioning) computer will always produce the SAME output given the same input3The first computers•Scales – computed relative weight of two items–Computed if the first item’s weight was less than, equal to, or greater than the second item’s weight•Abacus – performed mathematical computations–Primarily thought of as Chinese, but also Japanese, Mayan, Russian, and Roman versions–Can do square roots and cube roots4Computer SizeENIAC then…ENIAC today…5Computer OrganizationInput DevicesCentralProcessing UnitMemoryOutput Devices6Computer Organization•Computer advertisement specification–Intel® Pentium 4 Processorat 3.06GHz with 512K cache–512MB DDR SDRAM–200GB ATA-100 Hard Drive(7200 RPM, 9.0 ms seek time)–17” LCD Monitor–64MB NVIDIA GeForce4MX Graphics Card®–16x Max DVD-ROM Drive–48x/24x/48x CD-RW Drive–56K PCI Telephony Modem–Windows XP Home Edition®–10/100 Fast Ethernet Network Card7Computer Organization•Computer advertisement specification–Intel® Pentium 4 Processorat 3.06GHz with 512K cache–512MB DDR SDRAM–200GB ATA-100 Hard Drive(7200 RPM, 9.0 ms seek time)–17” LCD Monitor–64MB NVIDIA GeForce4MX Graphics Card®–16x Max DVD-ROM Drive–48x/24x/48x CD-RW Drive–56K PCI Telephony Modem–Windows XP Home Edition®–10/100 Fast Ethernet Network Card3.06 billion operationsper second8Computer Organization•Computer advertisement specification–Intel® Pentium 4 Processorat 3.06GHz with 512K cache–512MB DDR SDRAM–200GB ATA-100 Hard Drive(7200 RPM, 9.0 ms seek time)–17” LCD Monitor–64MB NVIDIA GeForce4MX Graphics Card®–16x Max DVD-ROM Drive–48x/24x/48x CD-RW Drive–56K PCI Telephony Modem–Windows XP Home Edition®–10/100 Fast Ethernet Network Card512 million bytes ofmemory that can betransferred at doublethe normal rateA byte is 8 bitsA bit is a 0 or a 19Computer Organization•Computer advertisement specification–Intel® Pentium 4 Processorat 3.06GHz with 512K cache–512MB DDR SDRAM–200GB ATA-100 Hard Drive(7200 RPM, 9.0 ms seek time)–17” LCD Monitor–64MB NVIDIA GeForce4MX Graphics Card®–16x Max DVD-ROM Drive–48x/24x/48x CD-RW Drive–56K PCI Telephony Modem–Windows XP Home Edition®–10/100 Fast Ethernet Network CardStores 200 billionbytes of data. You want high RPM andlow seek time.0.009 seconds isaverage10Computer Organization•Computer advertisement specification–Intel® Pentium 4 Processorat 3.06GHz with 512K cache–512MB DDR SDRAM–200GB ATA-100 Hard Drive(7200 RPM, 9.0 ms seek time)–17” LCD Monitor–64MB NVIDIA GeForce4MX Graphics Card®–16x Max DVD-ROM Drive–48x/24x/48x CD-RW Drive–56K PCI Telephony Modem–Windows XP Home Edition®–10/100 Fast Ethernet Network Card17” on the diagonal.Resolution up to1,280 by 1,024pixels11Computer Organization•Computer advertisement specification–Intel® Pentium 4 Processorat 3.06GHz with 512K cache–512MB DDR SDRAM–200GB ATA-100 Hard Drive(7200 RPM, 9.0 ms seek time)–17” LCD Monitor–64MB NVIDIA GeForce4MX Graphics Card®–16x Max DVD-ROM Drive–48x/24x/48x CD-RW Drive–56K PCI Telephony Modem–Windows XP Home Edition®–10/100 Fast Ethernet Network CardMicroprocessor fordisplaying images with64 million bytes ofmemory. More memorysupports more colorsand higher resolution12Computer Organization•Computer advertisement specification–Intel® Pentium 4 Processorat 3.06GHz with 512K cache–512MB DDR SDRAM–200GB ATA-100 Hard Drive(7200 RPM, 9.0 ms seek time)–17” LCD Monitor–64MB NVIDIA GeForce4MX Graphics Card®–16x Max DVD-ROM Drive–48x/24x/48x CD-RW Drive–56K PCI Telephony Modem–Windows XP Home Edition®–10/100 Fast Ethernet Network CardReads DVDs 16 timesfaster than a basic DVDdrive. Can hold up to8 billion bytes of data13Computer Organization•Computer advertisement specification–Intel® Pentium 4 Processorat 3.06GHz with 512K cache–512MB DDR SDRAM–200GB ATA-100 Hard Drive(7200 RPM, 9.0 ms seek time)–17” LCD Monitor–64MB NVIDIA GeForce4MX Graphics Card®–16x Max DVD-ROM Drive–48x/24x/48x CD-RW Drive–56K PCI Telephony Modem–Windows XP Home Edition®–10/100 Fast Ethernet Network CardCan read and writeCDs. Can hold 650million bytes of dataReads at 48 timesfaster and writes24 times faster thana basic drive14Computer OrganizationCan send or receiveup to 56 thousandbits per second•Computer advertisement specification–Intel® Pentium 4 Processorat 3.06GHz with 512K cache–512MB DDR SDRAM–200GB ATA-100 Hard Drive(7200 RPM, 9.0 ms seek time)–17” LCD Monitor–64MB NVIDIA GeForce4MX Graphics Card®–16x Max DVD-ROM Drive–48x/24x/48x CD-RW Drive–56K PCI Telephony Modem–Windows XP Home Edition®–10/100 Fast Ethernet Network Card15Computer OrganizationComputer operatingsystem using agraphical interface•Computer advertisement specification–Intel® Pentium 4 Processorat 3.06GHz with 512K cache–512MB DDR SDRAM–200GB ATA-100 Hard Drive(7200 RPM, 9.0 ms seek time)–17” LCD Monitor–64MB NVIDIA GeForce4MX Graphics Card®–16x Max DVD-ROM Drive–48x/24x/48x CD-RW Drive–56K PCI Telephony Modem–Windows XP Home Edition®–10/100 Fast Ethernet Network Card16Computer OrganizationCan send or receivedata at two rates – 10 or 100 million bytesper second•Computer advertisement specification–Intel® Pentium 4 Processorat 3.06GHz with 512K cache–512MB DDR SDRAM–200GB ATA-100 Hard Drive(7200 RPM, 9.0 ms seek time)–17” LCD Monitor–64MB NVIDIA GeForce4MX Graphics Card®–16x Max DVD-ROM Drive–48x/24x/48x CD-RW Drive–56K PCI Telephony Modem–Windows XP Home Edition®–10/100 Fast Ethernet Network Card17Home networkISPRouterLaptopComputer Cable modemInternet18Backbones19Network communication•Communication protocol–Set of
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