Using MIS 3e Chapter 5Chapter PreviewStudy QuestionsWhat Is the Purpose of a Database?Form for Recording Multiple ThemesGeneral RuleSlide 7DatabaseCharacters, Fields, and RecordsHierarchy of Data ElementsMetadata Describes Structure of DatabaseWhat Are Relationships Among Rows?Relationship Special TermsSlide 14MetadataSlide 16Components of a Database Application SystemWhat Is a Database Management System (DBMS)?Creating the Database and Its StructuresProcessing the DatabaseStructured Query Language (SQL)Administering the DatabaseMajor Responsibilities of Database AdministrationSlide 24Database Applications at FlexTimeWhat Are Forms, Reports, and Queries?What Are Forms, Reports, and Queries?Why Are Database Application Programs Needed?Four Database Application Programs Running on a Web Server ComputerMulti-User Processing ProblemEnterprise DBMS vs. Personal DBMSAccess: A DBMS and an Application Development ProductSlide 33Database Development ProcessWhat Is the Entity-Relationship Data Model?EntitiesStudent Data Model EntitiesEntities with RelationshipsSample Relationship (Version 1)Sample Relationships (Version 2)Crow’s-Foot Diagram VersionSlide 42Database DesignNormalizationData Integrity ProblemsNormalizing for Data IntegritySlide 47Summary of NormalizationRepresenting RelationshipsRepresenting a 1:N RelationshipRepresenting an N:M RelationshipSlide 52Users’ RoleSlide 54Data AggregatorsSlide 56How Will this Change by 2020?Why Do You Care?What If…Ethics Guide: Nobody Said I Shouldn’tSlide 61Guide: No, Thanks, I’ll Use a SpreadsheetGuide: Immanuel Kant, Data ModelerSlide 64Slide 65Active ReviewCase Study 5: Benchmarking, Bench Marketing, or Bench BaloneySlide 68Database ProcessingDavid KroenkeUsing MIS 3eChapter 5Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall5-2•Businesses of every size organize data records into collections called databases. At one extreme, small businesses use databases to keep track of customers; at the other extreme, huge corporations such as Dell and Amazon.com use databases to support complex sales, marketing, and operations activities. In between, we have businesses like FlexTime that use databases as a crucial part of their operations, but they don’t have a trained and experienced staff to manage and support the databases. To obtain answers to the one-of-a-kind queries he needs, Neil needs to be creative and adaptable in the way that he accesses and uses his database.•This chapter discusses the why, what, and how of database processing. We begin by describing the purpose of databases and then explain the important components of database systems. We then overview the process of creating a database system and summarize your role as a future user of such systems.•Users have a crucial role in the development of database applications. Specifically, the structure and content of the database depends entirely on how users view their business activity. To build the database, the developers will create a model of that view using a tool called the entity-relationship model. You need to understand how to interpret such models, because the development team might ask you to validate the correctness of such a model when building a system for your use. Finally, we describe the various database administration tasks. •This chapter focuses on database technology. Here we consider the basic components of a database and their functions. You will learn about the use of database reporting and data mining in Chapter 9.Chapter PreviewCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall5-3Q1 What is the purpose of a database?Q2 What is a database?Q3 What are the components of a database application system?Q4 How do database applications make databases more useful?Q5 How are data models used for database development?Q6 How is a data model transformed into a database design?Q7 What is the users’ role in the development of databases?Q8 2020?Study QuestionsCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall5-4•Purpose: to keep track of things•If structure of a list is simple, i.e., one theme, no need to use database technology (video)What Is the Purpose of a Database?Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall5-5Form for Recording Multiple ThemesCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall5-6•Lists of data involving a single theme can be stored in a spreadsheet. •Lists that involve data with multiple themes require a database.General RuleCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall5-7Q1 What is the purpose of a database?Q2 What is a database?Q3 What are the components of a database application system?Q4 How do database applications make databases more useful?Q5 How are data models used for database development?Q6 How is a data model transformed into a database design?Q7 What is the users’ role in the development of databases?Q8 2020?Study QuestionsCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall5-8•Database:A self-describing collection of integrated recordsIn databases, bytes are grouped into columns, such as Student Number and Student Name. Columns are also called fields. Columns or fields, in turn, are grouped into rows, which are also called records.DatabaseCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall5-9Characters, Fields, and RecordsCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall5-10Hierarchy of Data ElementsCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall5-11Metadata Describes Structure of DatabaseComponents of a DatabaseCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall5-12What Are Relationships Among Rows?First row of the Email Table is related to Andrea Baker in Student TableLast row in Office_Visit Table related to Adam Verberra in Student TableCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall5-13•Key A column or group of columns that identifies a unique row in a table. Student Number is the key of the Student table. Given a value of Student Number, you can determine one and only one row in Student. Only one student has the number 1325.Every table must have a key.Sometimes more than one column is needed to form a unique identifier. In a table called City, for example, the key would consist of combination of columns (City, State).Email_Num is the key of Email