MAT135 Introduction to the Graphing CalculatorI. Graphing Calculator Basics A. MODEFor most of the calculations you perform, you will use the MODE window shown in the figure at the right. To change the mode, move the cursor over the selection to be used, and then press . To return to the home screen, press .1. Normal Sci Eng: For most of your calculations you will leave the mode in Normal. This expresses thenumber with digits to both the left and right of the decimal point. If the number is too large to be shown innormal mode, the calculator will automatically switch to scientific Sci (scientific) and Eng (engineering)notation will express the answer as a power of 10.2. Float 0123456789: This will set the number of digits to be displayed.3. Radian Degree: These are mode settings used in trigonometry.4. Func Par Pol Seq: These are graphing modes. Func (function) mode is the mode you will use mostoften. It is the mode for any function that is to be graphed with rectangular coordinates ( y is a function ofx). 5. Connected Dot: This determines whether a graph is plotted with the points connected to produce asmooth curve or if just each point is plotted.6. Sequential Simul: If you have more than one function entered to graph you can select Sequential tohave the graphs rendered one at a time or Simul (simultaneous) to have all the functions graphed at onetime.7. Real ia bi req+: Real mode, rectangular mode, complex mode, and polar complex mode. 8. Full Horiz G-T: These determine theview that you see on the screen. 1Full Horiz G-TMAT135 Introduction to the Graphing CalculatorB. MATH 1: FRAC (display as a fraction) displays an answer as a fraction. You can use FRACwith numbers, expressions, lists, sequences, matrices, etc. If the denominator has more than three digits or cannot be simplified, the number is given as a decimal. To access FRAC hit and then 1 after you enter the expression. Calculate an expression.You can change an answer to a fraction. Just enter 1 after the calculation is done.Some expressions cannot be expressed as a fraction.2: DEC displays the answer as a decimal. It is used justlike FRAC. This is the default setting for answers. It isaccessed by entering and then 2.3: 3 cubes the expression. It is accessed by entering avalue, then 3. You can cube an expression, list,matrix, etc.2Fractions can be evaluated asdecimals.You can cube a single number, the numbers in a sequence, etc.MAT135 Introduction to the Graphing Calculator4: 3evaluates the cube root of a number or expression. Enter and then 4 and then the expression. Close the parentheses.5: xevaluates any root you select. To use this key, you must enter the root first, then the function and then the expression. To use this, press 5. You may use { } to find the root of several numbers atonce.C. CursorsThe cursor keys on the TI-83 and the TI-84 are used much like cursor keys on a computer. You move the cursor up, down, left and right to manipulate your position on the screen.The button is used to access all of the 2nd functions - those that are printed above the keys and are printed in yellow. Each of these can be accessed by first pressing and thenthe desired function. 1. Changing the Contrast: Darken and Lighten the Screen.When batteries get weak, the screen will get lighter. You can darken your screen by using repeatedly until the screen is as dark as you like. To lighten your screen, use . As you lighten and darken your screen, you will see numbers in the upper right hand partof the home screen. The maximum number is 9. You should replace your batteries before you need tohave the contrast set this high.2. Move from one end of a line to another.You can move to the beginning of a line by pressing and you can move to the end of a line bypressing . This will allow you to edit a line without having to scroll all the way to the end orbeginning of the line. These keys work like the "Home" and "End" keys do on a computer.3You take the cube root of a single number, a list of numbers, etc.You must enter the root first and then the root key.MAT135 Introduction to the Graphing Calculator3. Recall previous entries.You can recall previous entries by pressing , which brings up a storage area called ENTRY. You can press these keys and recall numerous entries, up to a total of 128 bytes. Since there is a storage limit, the number of entries you can recall will vary. Once you have recalled an entry you can then edit it or just re-evaluate it.D. Variable KeyThe graphing mode selected will determine the variable entered.Mode Variable Key EntryFunc (Function) XPar (Parametric) TPol (Polar)Seq (Sequence) n E. Notation KeysThere are several notation keys that you will use when entering expression. Their locations are shown in the figure to the right.F. Graphing Access the graph menu by pressing and then enter the function. To type the variable you can use the variable key . For exponents, refer to the exponential keys. 4MAT135 Introduction to the Graphing CalculatorWhen a function has radical coefficients, the parentheses must be closed before the variable is entered. Failure to do so will result in an incorrect graph. For example, this is the correct way to enter2(2)y x x= -.When entering a radical function, you must put the entire expression within parentheses.Setting a WINDOW: You can enter the dimensions of the graph by accessing (next to ). When you use this button you will see a window like the one to the right. To change the values in the window, just scroll down using the cursor and enter the values that you want.Using ZOOM: The ZOOM menu offers you several preset windows. The ZOOM key is next tothe key. 1: ZBox This allows you to box in a particular area of the graph.2: Zoom In Zooms in with the center at the point of the cursor. The default factor is 4.3: Zoom Out Zooms out with the center at the point of the cursor. The default factor is 4.4: ZDecimalThis is one of the most useful windows. It is also called a friendly window the TRACE key will move in increments of 0.1 with this window. 5: ZSquare Adjusts Xmin and Xmax so that the ticks are the same distance apart on both axes.6: ZStandardThis is also a useful window. The window size is X:[-10, 10] and Y:[-10, 10]. However, TRACE does not move in increments of 0.1.7: ZTrig Sets the window to:[ 2 , 2 ], :[ 4, 4]X Yp p- -.8: ZInteger Redefines the window to Xscl=10 and Yscl=10.9: ZoomStat