EXAM 4 STUDY GUIDE PSY 207-Developmental Psychology Professor Jennings Ch. 12- Gender and Sexuality 1. What are the differences between gender and sex? 2. What are gender roles and gender stereotypes? Provide examples for each. 3. Identity biological, cognitive and social influences on gender. Understand the theories associated with each, (i.e, Bandura, Freud, Eagly, etc…). 4. What are gender traits? Identity the differences between Instrumental and Expressive traits. 5. What are gender roles and gender typing? Explain. a. Be able to discuss how these changes from childhood through adulthood. 6. What is sexuality? 7. What are sexual scripts? 8. What are the male-females differences in sexuality? a. What are differences in male-female attitudes towards masturbation and casual sex? 9. What is sexual orientation? Be able to discuss the differences between heterosexual, homosexual and bisexual. a. What did Kinsey’s research suggest about sexual orientation and adult sexual behavior? b. What are the current trends in sexual behavior found among adolescents? Ch. 14 Families, Lifestyles and Parenting 1. What are characteristics of single adults? What are the advantages and disadvantages of being single? a. What is cohabitation? What are characteristics associated with cohabitation? 2. What are the characteristics associated with marriage? a. What are the factors that influence marital satisfaction? b. What percentages of marriages end in divorce? i. What couple-characteristics influence the likelihood of divorce? ii. What are the most likely reasons for divorce among adults and middle-adults? 1. How does this differ by gender? c. How do homosexual relationships compare to heterosexual relationships? 3. How does parenting influence development? 4. What are the two general dimensions of parental behavior? 5. Identify and discuss Baumrind’s theory of parenting style. a. What are the four parenting styles? b. How does each of these parenting styles influence the development and behavior of the child?c. What are the potential outcomes associated with each parenting style? 6. How effective is the use of punishment in child rearing? Ch. 15 Peers and the Sociocultural World 1. What are peers? a. Do peers influence development? If so, how? Justify your answer. b. What are the five peer statuses? Describe and discuss characteristics of each type. c. Who is more likely to experience bullying? 2. What is peer acceptance? a. Describe the four categories of likeability. b. How are popular children different from unpopular children? c. Describe bullies. Describe their victims. 3. How do adolescents differ in peer relationships from younger children? a. Define and understand the differences between cliques and crowds 4. What are the functions of friendships? 5. How are friendships in childhood different than adolescence or adulthood? a. What are the factors most associated with each developmental stage that influence the development of friendships? b. What gender differences exist in friendships in adulthood? How are friendships among women different than men? c. What are the characteristics of friendships in late adulthood? i. What is disengagement theory? ii. What is activity theory? 6. What is play? Does it serve a purpose? a. What is constructive play? Discuss characteristics associated with this type of play. b. What is functional play? Discuss characteristics associated with this type of play. c. What is pretend play? Discuss characteristics associated with this type of play. d. Identify and describe Parten’s Five types of play. i. How do each of these styles influence development? e. How is leisure time used in the U.S? i. Discuss the differences in leisure time activity among children, adolescents and adults. This is the LAST exam of the course! Remember that the lowest exam will be dropped. Calculate your total points for the class to determine if you even need to take this exam! I hope you enjoyed the course