Thoracic Cavity Right and Left Pleural Cavities z z z Parietal Pleura Visceral Pulmonary Pleura Parietal Costal Mediastinal Diaphragmatic Cupola z Pleural Cavities Lungs z z z Pleural Cavities Right Lung Light soft spongy Conical in shape apex base costal surface medial surface hilus Note various impressions Right lung z Connecting Pleura Three lobes superior middle and inferior Oblique and horizontal fissure Left Lung Two lobes superior and inferior also Lingula and Cardiac notch oblique fissure 1 Right Lung Right Lung Left Lung Right Lung Left Lung Left Lung 2 Surface Anatomy Surface Anatomy Surface Anatomy Airways z z z Trachea primary bronchi secondary bronchi tertiary bronchi out to 25 generations All comprised of hyaline cartilage Trachea Airways Begins where larynx ends about C6 10 cm long half in neck half in mediastinum 20 U Shaped rings of hyaline cartilage keeps lumen intact but not as brittle as bone Lined with epithelium and cilia which work to keep foreign bodies irritants away from lungs Airways 3 Trachea Airways Airways Bronchoscope z z Primary Brochi One to each lung continuation of trachea z z z Right bronchus is wider and shorter 2 5 cm as opposed to 5 cm and branches from the trachea at a greater angle Secondary bronchi one to each lobe three in right two in left Tertiary one to each bronchopulmonary segment approximately 10 per lung All of the above are hyaline cartilage with no ability to change diameter Tumor Tumor 4 Tumor In and Out Bronchopulmonary Segments Bronchopulmonary Segments Bronchopulmonary Segments Bronchioles z z z z z First level of airway surrounded by smooth muscle therefore can change diameter as in brocho constriction and broncho dilation Terminal Respiratory 3 8 orders alveoli 5 Bronchioles Bronchioles z z z z Gas Exchange Innervation z z z z Intercostal to Pleura Gas Exchange Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to aleoli Gas exchange occurs via diffusion through the capillary beds Returned to heart via pulmonary veins Pleura via intercostal thoracic nerves Tracheobronchial tree Parasympathetic via CN X efferent function broncho constriction via smooth mm also to epithelial cells in trachea afferent responsible for cough reflex Sympathetic from T1 T5 efferent brochodilation Innervation 6 Blood Supply Blood Supply z z z z Lungs do not receive any vascular supply from the pulmonary vessels pulmonary aa or veins Blood delivered to lung tissue via the bronchiole arteries Vessels evolve from aortic arch Travel along the bronchial tree Blood Supply 7
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