COMPUTER HARDWARE TECHNOLOGIESLEARNING GOALSThe Core Computer ComponentsInput subsystemInput DevicesMachine-readable Input DevicesOutput subsystemOutput DevicesSlide 9PrintersNon-impact PrintersI/O devices or Secondary StorageOptical Secondary StorageSlide 14Processing subsystemCentral Processing UnitCPU speedPrimary StorageMoore’s Law on Processor SpeedTypes of ComputersBead Bar : Exercise 2Summary QuestionsRAIDSlide 24Dell XPS 700 Desktop computerPowerEdge SC1420 server computer1COMPUTERHARDWARETECHNOLOGIES© Abdou Illia, Spring 2007(Week 2, Thursday 1/18/2007)2LEARNING GOALSIdentify the major components of modern PCsExplain how the components of a computer work together;Explain input devices and how they operate.Describe output devices and how they operate.Describe I/O (secondary storage) devices and how they operate.Explain the role of the CPU and the RAM.Describe various types of computers.3The Core Computer ComponentsThree subsystems in a computer system:1. Input subsystem2. Processing subsystem3. Output subsystem4Input subsystemMain functions: Allowing the user to enter dataTransmitting data to the Processing subsystemIncludes keyboard, mouse, and other input devicesQuestion: Name five other input devices____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5Input DevicesHuman input devicesAllow a person to send data to the computerExamples: Keyboard, MouseMachine-readable input devicesSend data directly to computer without human involvementNo human involvement means no human errorUsually faster than human inputExamples: Bar codes reader, Optical Characters Recognition (OCR) system6Machine-readable Input DevicesBar code scannersUses light to read series of coded stripesUniversal Product Code (UPC) – Adams.comOptical Character Recognition (OCR)Includes OCR Software and scannerTranslates scanned digital image to character that user can recognize and manipulateMagnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)Character recognition technology used by banks to allow rapid routing of checks between banks7Output subsystemMain function: Show processing resultsIncludes monitor, printer, and other output devicesQ: Name two other output devices________________________________________________________8Output DevicesMonitorsCathode ray tube (CRTs)Liquid crystal displays (LCDs)Quality of displayResolution in pixels (e.g. 640 x 480)Dot pitch in millimeters (.26 to .28)Active-Matrix vs. Passive-Matrix displayTouch screensInput and output via display deviceMonitor size Common resolution15 inches 640 x 48017 inches 800 x 600 or 1024 x 76819 inches 1024 x 768 or 1280 x 1024910PrintersSpeed and resolutionPages per minute (PPM)Dots per inch (DPI)Number of ink dots to fill a square inchHigher DPI = greater page clarityImpact printersCreate image by striking paper and ribbonDot-matrix printers = most common impact printersNon-impact printersCreate image by spraying or rolling ink on the page11Non-impact PrintersInk-jet technology printersSpray ink on the paperQuietColor is readily and cheaply availableLaser printersLaser heats drum which rolls ink (toner) on paperCan be faster than ink-jetMore expensive than ink-jet12I/O devices or Secondary StorageNonvolatile storage of digital dataMagnetic or opticalMagnetic storage (Floppy disk, Magnetic tape, Zip disk, Hard disk)Sequential access (tape) or direct access (HDD)Hard disk drivesTwo main standards:IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) aka ATA (AT Attachment)SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)SCSI allows disk fault-tolerance through RAID – Redundant Array of Inexpensive DisksDisk speed:Transfer rate in MBps (Megabytes per second)Average Read Time (in milliseconds or ms)Platter rotation speed in RPM (5400/7200/10,000/15,000)13Optical Secondary StorageCompact disks (CDs)600 MB capacityCD-ROMCD-RCD-RWDigital versatile disks (DVDs)2 – 17 GB capacityDVDDVD+/-RDVD+/-RW1415Processing subsystemTwo major componentsCPU (Central Processing Unit) or Processor(s)Primary Storage:Random Access Memory (RAM)Read Only Memory (ROM)CPUPrimary StorageBusses that transfer data16Central Processing UnitClock: generate time that synchronize other componentsICU: Fetches instructions from RAMALU: Execute instructions (arithmetic & logic operations)Registers: Store control information, data, intermediate resultsProcessorClockInstruction Control UnitArithmetic Logic UnitRegisters17CPU speedSpeed measured in hertzHertz = # of instructions executed per secondMegahertz = 1 million of instructions per secondGigahertz = 1 billion of instructions per secondIntel- Celeron- Pentium 3, Pentium 4, Pentium 4 Xeon, Dual CoreAdvanced Micro Devices (AMD)- K6 series processors (which compete with Intel Pentium 3)- Athlon series (which compete with Intel Pentium 4)IBM- PowerPC 740, 750, 750FX, 750GL, 750GXMajor Processor manufacturers18Primary StorageRAM holds running programs and the data they useROM contains critical programs such as those that boot the computerPrimary StorageRAMROMComputer’s memory stored on semiconductor chipsTwo categories: RAM (Random Access Memory) which is volatileSynchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM)Double Data Rate SDRAM or DDR SDRAMROM (Read-Only Memory) which is non-volatileCapacity in Megabytes (MB) or Gigabytes (GB)Program Data19Moore’s Law on Processor SpeedRAM capacity tends to double every 18-24 monthsProcessor speed tends to double every 18-24 months20Types of ComputersSupercomputersMainframesMinicomputersServersWorkstationsDesktop computersNotebook computers (laptops)Handheld computers (PDAs)21Bead Bar : Exercise 2Visit Dell website at www.dell.com in order to choose a computer system for Bead Bar. You must select the components based on the assessment of needs prepared by Stan after interviewing the Bead Bar employees (See the Assignment section’s of the course website for a copy of Stan’s memo to you) . Your job consist in filling out the Computer Hardware specification form found in the Assignment section of the course website with the characteristics of the computer system you have selected. Your assignment
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