Advanced System ArchitectureESD.342/EECS 6.8832006ESD’s DomainsHow The Course Will Be OrganizedGrading FormulaClass ResourcesOur ViewpointWhy We CareA “Perfect” Theory of Architecture Would Permit Us To:A Definition of Architecture from a Practice PerspectiveBaldwin and Clark (intermediate between practice and fundamental?)Instructor BiasesSome Things Do Not Have Architectures with Internal StructureStructural TypologySystems Typology ISystems Typology IISystems Typology III: Complex Systems Functional Classification Matrix from Magee and de WeckComments on Typologies: Attributes of Effective ClassificationHow to LearnImportant topics at the “Research Front”More Research Front TopicsTerms and DefinitionsForm and FunctionOther System CharacteristicsOther Words That We Will Use and Need to UnderstandAdv Sys Arch intro 1© Daniel E Whitney8/24/2006Advanced System ArchitectureESD.342/EECS 6.8832006• Goals of this course:• Gain an understanding of system architecture• Learn existing theoretical and analytical methods• Compare systems in different domains and understand what influences their architectures• Apply/extend existing theory in case studiesAdv Sys Arch intro 2© Daniel E Whitney8/24/2006The Faculty• Chris Magee•Joel Moses• Dan WhitneyAdv Sys Arch intro 3© Daniel E Whitney8/24/2006ESD’s DomainsStructureand itsRelation toBehaviorNetworksHierarchiesOther StructuralModelsDecompositionsComplexityOther Quantificationsof ArchitecturesIlitiesArchitecturalDynamicEthical, etcArchitectureUncertainty Ilities RelatedtoRisk andUncertaintyDynamicsIlities Related toEthicsSustainabilitySafetyTechnical EthicsExtended EnterprisesEconomic IlitiesS-curves, etcNations, firms"Extended" EconomicsEnterprisesPolicyBounded RationalityAgencyComplexity andResponses to itHuman Behavior"Systems Approach"Focus of this courseAdv Sys Arch intro 4© Daniel E Whitney8/24/2006What We Will Do in This Course• Read the academic literature, including our own notes and papers• Learn and practice some existing analytical methods, mainly network methods• Appreciate the wide range of domains where theory and methods have been applied• Critique existing theory and methods• Share our knowledge and experience• Analyze some real systems in detail• Distil common concepts that emerge from theory and that apply to many kinds of systemsAdv Sys Arch intro 5© Daniel E Whitney8/24/2006How The Course Will Be Organized• Class lecture/discussion• Text: Six Degrees by Duncan Watts• Literature to read before class• Three homework assignments and exercises to learn to use the software• Case study project with periodic reports in class• Class overheads, assigned reading, and optional reading posted on class website.Adv Sys Arch intro 6© Daniel E Whitney8/24/2006Grading Formula• 15% in-class participation (especially reading connections)• 25% assignments– 5% Each for assignments 1 and 2– 15% for assignment 3• 60% Project– 20% Final Written Report– 15% Final Presentation– 15% Modeling Status Presentation– 10% 1stStatus PresentationAdv Sys Arch intro 7© Daniel E Whitney8/24/2006Class Resources• You! • Course website– Syllabus and schedule– Assigned readings– Background readings–Class overheads– Collection of MATLAB routines for doing network analysis– Online book on social network analysis methods (subset of what we will be using)Adv Sys Arch intro 8© Daniel E Whitney8/24/2006Our Viewpoint• Importance of data and domain knowledge• Value of doing case studies with quantitative results• Understanding of relevant literature in other domains like systems biology, ecology, and economics• Importance of ideology in framing generic architectures and attitudes toward themAdv Sys Arch intro 9© Daniel E Whitney8/24/2006Why We Care• Lots of things have architectures– Physical things - objects, large natural systems– Human designed things - products, systems, missions, organizations, projects, infrastructures, software, databases, political and economic systems– Natural things - cells, organisms, herds, ecosystems• Their architectures either determine, strongly influence, or are correlated with their behavior and properties• Architectural progress and evolution can be observed in both built and natural systems• There are multiple characteristics of architecture and thus there can appear to be multiple architectures if viewed through these different lenses.Adv Sys Arch intro 10© Daniel E Whitney8/24/2006A “Perfect” Theory of Architecture Would Permit Us To:• Measure• Characterize• Understand at a fundamental level• Design, operate, evaluate, improve• Predict future behaviorAdv Sys Arch intro 11© Daniel E Whitney8/24/2006A Definition of Architecture from a Practice Perspective“An architecture is the conceptualization, description, and design of a system, its components, their interfaces and relationships with internal and external entities, as they evolve over time.”John W. EvansSource: “Design and Inventive Engineering” TomaszArciszewski Fall 2004• Similar to: “An architecture is a plan for change.”Joel MosesAdv Sys Arch intro 12© Daniel E Whitney8/24/2006Two definitions of Architecture from a Fundamental Perspective• The architecture of a complex system is a description of the structure or regularity of the interactions of the elements of that system (inherently the non-random and longer lived aspects of the system relationships).• The architecture of a complex system describes the functional character of the elements and the structure of the relationships among the elementsBaldwin and Clark fundamental?)define common rules of design, structure, interfaces, or behavior not otherwise declared, including performance evaluation• * are part of typical system engineering(intermediate between practice and • An architecture declares the modules and defines their functions*• It also declares and defines the interfaces, including which modules they relate and what relations are supported*• Finally it declares or embraces standards that Adv Sys Arch intro 13© Daniel E Whitney8/24/2006Adv Sys Arch intro 14© Daniel E Whitney8/24/2006Instructor Biases•Magee•Moses• Whitney• Your turn Feb 14 (see assignment 1)Adv Sys Arch intro 15© Daniel E Whitney8/24/2006Some Things Do Not Have Architectures with Internal Structure• Random Networks• Perfect gases• Crowds of people• Their behavior can
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