SI Bio 211 Exam IV Part II12.4.7 Mayfield18. Which of the following is a major feature of the "modern synthesis" which is absent from Darwin's ideas about evolution?a. Populations evolve, individuals do not.b. Heritable variation in a population is the result of multiple alleles.c. Fitness is measured by reproductive success.d. Evolution proceeds by slow changes in populations over many generations.e. The motivating force for change is natural selection.19. Which of the following most accurately describes the meaning of the term macroevolution?a. The origin of the first microorganisms.b. The evolutionary record considered over long periods of time.c. The creation of reproductive barriers between related populations.d. Slow, but steady, changes in the genetic makeup of populations over time.e. The appearance in the evolutionary record of novel forms and structures.20. Which of the following features could not be used to argue that some species are more closely related than others.a. similarities in DNA sequencesb. patterns in early embryologyc. analogous structuresd. similarities in protein sequencese. homologous structures21. Why do the members of very small populations often have different phenotypes than individuals from closely related large populations?a. macroevolutionb. gene flowc. recent mutationsd. nonrandom mate selectione. genetic drift22. What is the genetic meaning of "heritable variation in a population"?a. There are multiple alleles at many loci in the population.b. The population has many phenotypes.c. Pleiotropy is common in the population.d. Polygenic inheritance.e. Choices b and d are both correct. 23. Which of the following is the best example of a microevolutionary event?a. The increase in size, over time, of fossil horses.b. The speciation of finches on the Galapagos Islands.c. A mutation in bacteria which provides protection against an antibiotic.d. The evolution of the human brain from some ancestral primate.e. The appearance of the Mollusks in the fossil record.24. A population which is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium has two alleles, A and a, at a particular locus. The frequency of the A allele is 0.2, what is the frequency of individuals heterozygous at this locusin this population?a. 0.16b. 0.2c. 0.32d. 0.4e. 0.81SI Bio 211 Exam IV Part II12.4.7 Mayfield25. Which of the following statements about species is (are) not correct?a. The various subpopulations which constitute a species are normally connected by gene flow. b. All members of a species must be nearly identical in appearance. c. The species concept when applied to prokaryotes is an artificial concept created by scientists forconvenience, it has no solid basis in nature. d. Two populations of similar individuals separated by a geographical barrier must be members of different species. e. Choices b and d are both not correct. 26. What does it mean if two populations are sympatric?a. They are connected by gene flow.b. They are geographically separated.c. They occur in the same area.d. They are reproductively isolated.e. Phenotypically they are very similar.27. What aspect of population genetics theory explains why members of a species, even those in various subpopulations, remain similar to one another even as the characteristics of the species as a whole are changing over time?a. stabilizing selectionb. adaptive evolutionc. directional selectiond. Hardy-Weinberg theorye. gene flow28. If members of two species are able to breed, but the resulting embryos die, the species integrity is maintained by: a. gametic isolation. b. a prezygotic barrier. c. hybrid inviability. d. hybrid sterility. e. hybrid breakdown. 29. Why is autopolyploidy a simple mechanism for sympatric speciation in plants?a. Because in plants, geographical separation of populations happens frequently.b. Because when tetraploids cross with diploids, the offspring are triploids which are sterile.c. Because in plants, gene flow is much restricted.d. Because of the formation of prezygotic barriers.e. Because plants with different numbers of chromosomes frequently produce fertile offspring with an intermediate number of chromosomes.30. Which of the following is the best example of a macroevolutionary event?a. The increase in size, over time, of fossil horses.b. The speciation of finches on the Galapagos Islands.c. The appearance of the Mollusks in the fossil record.d. A mutation in bacteria which provides protection against an antibiotic.e. The evolution of the human brain from some ancestral primate.31. How does a cladogram differ from a phylogenetic tree?a. cladograms organize by similarity, phylogenetic trees by historical relatednessb. phlogenetic trees organize by similarity, cladograms by historical relatednessc. there is no differenced. phylogenetic trees are used in taxonomy, cladograms in systematicse. phylogenetic trees organize things according to analogous structures and cladograms organize thingsaccording to homologous
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