Biol 131 Question Bank Building BlocksYou are expected to bring completed study questions to the evening study session. Answer these study questions by referencing the relevant sections of the textbook. The written explanations are the most important part of your answers and key to learning of concepts.1. As part of an ambitious student research project you create a short synthetic peptide consisting of4 amino acids. However, instead of linking the amino acids in the intended order of Trp – Gly – Val – Ile, you accidentally synthesize peptides in the reverse order, Ile –Val – Gly – Trp. One of your classmates says the two proteins must be identical, and bets you $20 that the peptides are structurally and functionally equivalent. After having read this chapter, you have no hesitation instaking your $20 that they are different. Explain why these two peptides are not identical.2. A. Name each of the following functional groups: O || – C – ___________________ – NH3 ___________________ – SH ___________________ – OH ____________________-- PO4 ____________________ --COOH ___________________-- CH3 ____________________ B. Circle and label the functional groups in these molecules.Fructose-1-P (a monosaccharide)Cysteine(an amino acid)Cytidine monophosphate CMP (a nucleotide)C. Explain why the Cysteine molecule shown above contains neither a hydroxyl nor a carbonylBiol 131 Question Bank Building BlocksPage 13. Ionic, hydrogen and Van der Waals bonds are critical for interactions of proteins and other molecules. These non-covalent bonds involve the AA side chains. Selecting from those listed in the box, which type(s) of amino acids would:A. form ionic bonds with negatively charged DNA. _________B. form hydrogen bonds with water. __________C. help hold together two water-soluble proteins.__________D. form Van der Waals bonds between an integral membrane protein and the lipid bilayer. _______E. be found in the hydrophobic core of a protein ________4. There is a lot of interest in being able to predict the structure of proteins based on their amino acid sequence. Yet this is a daunting challenge, and requires the use of advanced super computers. Some aspects of protein structure are more difficult than others to predict. How would you order the following structural properties of proteins from 1 most easy to predict to 3 most difficult to predict.____ secondary structure, i.e., the presence of alpha helices and beta sheets____ tertiary structure, i.e. the folding of the protein into a final 3-D form____ quaternary structure, the specific binding between different proteinsExplain your decision:5. Refer to the diagram to the right for this question.A. Circle and label the different 2o structures present in this protein.B. What is the “1o structure” of this protein?C. Explain why the statement “this protein lacks 3o structure” is incorrect:D. Explain why the statement “this protein lacks 4o structure” is correct:E. Which levels of protein structure would be destroyed by heating to the boiling point? Explain.Biol 131 Question Bank Building BlocksPage 2Choices(more than one maybe correct)1. non-polar2. uncharged polar3. charged polar6. The diagram to the right shows the alignment of the amino acid chain for part of a protein.A. Draw on the diagram hydrogen bonds where they would be expected to occur.B. Circle the peptide bonds along each chain.C. How many complete amino acids are shown in the diagram? _____D. Label the amino and carboxyl ends of each chain.E. Label with “--R” where the side chains would be attached to each amino acidF. What type of secondary structure does this diagram represent? ____________________7. Imagine that you have a very special microscope that allows you to photograph parts of molecules. Using this microscope, you take a picture of samples containing different nucleic acids, with the following results:Sample Image shows Type of macromolecule1 Thymine ___________________2 Alanine ___________________3 Ribose ___________________4 Phosphate ___________________5 Uracil ___________________Without seeing any other part of the molecule, for each sample indicate whether it contains:DNA, RNA, either DNA or RNA, neither DNA or RNA8. The following diagrams show parts of three different types of biological macromolecules. What types of molecule does each represent? _________________ ________________ __________________Biol 131 Question Bank Building BlocksPage 39. Clearly describe 4 distinct cellular functions of proteins.1.2.3.4.10. Redraw these two amino acids as they would appear after being joined by a peptide bond. Label the amino and carboxyl ends of the peptide.A protein comprised predominantly of these amino acids would be:A. charged C. uncharged E. ionicB. polar D. nonpolar11. A. Using the standard numbering system, number the carbons of these monosaccharides.Glucose RiboseB. Draw phosphate groups on the carbons of the ribose on which they would occur in a nucleic acid.C. In a nucleotide, the nitrogenous base would be attached to carbon # ___ of the ribose. Circle this carbon.12. Redraw the following part of a fatty acid so that it contains a single unsaturated bond: H H H H | | | |--C--C--C--C-- | | | | H H H H13. Distinguish the structures of properties of phospholipids and triglyceridesBiol 131 Question Bank Building BlocksPage 4A. Name each of these molecules. B. In each model, label each numbered item with the correct term selected from the list below. C. In the spaces provided redraw each molecule in a schematic representation as shown in the textbook figure “3.29 a.” __________________________________________________D. When dispersed into water phospholipids form a colloidal suspension of very small spheres whereas triglycerides will not mix with water at all. Explain how the molecular structures of phospholipids and triglycerides cause these behaviors in water. Biol 131 Question Bank Building BlocksPage 5 schematic schematicComponent choicesA. PhosphateB. Non-polar head groupC. GlycerolD. Polar head groupE. Saturated fatty acidF. Acetic acidG. SugarH. Hydrophobic regionI. Hydrophilic regionJ. Non-saturated fatty