Automotive Electrical Notes PHS Auto 2Electron theoryFlow of electronsMatterMoleculeAtomsAtom make upSize of atom ?Bound electronsFree electronsConductorsSemi-ConductorsNon conductorsCurrentVoltage (electromotive force, EMF)ResistanceSlide 17CircuitsSeries CircuitParallel CircuitSeries ParallelCircuit ProblemsCar frameOhms lawOhms laws For Auto TechsM, m, K, μMagnetismMagnetic DomainsLines of ForceSlide 30Slide 31SolenoidBattery Electro Chemical DeviceTop post Side postside and top postBatteries a little historyBattery ConstructionSlide 38Slide 39Slide 40Electrolyte 64% water 36% Sulfuric acidChargedDischargeSlide 44Slide 45Battery typesGroup sizeBattery capacityBattery capacity ratingSlide 50Recommended Minimum battery sizeBattery checking visual InspectionSlide 53visual InspectionCleaning The BatteryBattery leakage testBattery Open Circuit Voltage TestBattery Terminals & BoltsTerminal TestSlide 60Battery Drain testTesting specific gravityCharging batteriesSlide 64SAFETY: do not allow battery acid to contact eyes skin or fabrics if you do flush with lots of water, and get teacher or medical help flush eyes for 15 minutesJump starting carsbattery date tagsDid You Know Batteries Lose Power While Sitting on the Shelf?Slide 69Slide 70Hooking batteries in series Voltage goes upHooking batteries in parallel Voltage stays the same amperage goes upGeneratorTo increase volts and ampsBasic AC operation current flows positive, negativeBasic DC operationCharging IndicatorsAlternatorAlternatorsSlide 82Parts of a AlternatorThe EndAutomotive Electrical Notes Automotive Electrical Notes PHS Auto 2PHS Auto 2Basic notes for auto shop classBasic notes for auto shop classstudy and refer back to your text bookstudy and refer back to your text bookElectron theorythe electrical phenomenon is produced by a flow of electrons from one area to another.The flow of electrons is caused by having an excess number in one area, shortage in anothersurplus negativeshort supply positiveFlow of electronsFlow of electronsMatterAnything that takes up space and has mass: solid, liquid or gasMoleculeSmallest portion of matter and retain all original properties of the original matter, it is made up of atomsAtoms100 + different typesOne molecule of water, is made up of one atom of oxygen, two atoms of hydrogen H20Atom make upPROTON - positive charge +ELECTRON - negative charge -NEUTRON - no charge (neutral)If there are more protons in the atom then electrons, it is a positive charged atom.proton and neutron in center; electrons orbitSize of atom ?Bound electronsAre in the inner orbits, Bound electrons are very difficult to remove from their orbit.Free electronsOuter orbits only, one, two or three electrons, are easily knocked out of their orbitConductors Have 1-3 electrons in outer orbit, (Free electrons)easily knocked out of orbit. Materials such as silver, copper, aluminum, gold make good conductors.Semi-Conductors4 electrons in outer orbitNot a good conductorNot a good insulatorNon conductors Insulators, 5 or more electrons in outer orbit, glass, ceramics, plastics, rubber, fiber, porcelain, paper and wood are common Insulators. Hard to knock the electrons out of orbit if they have a strong magnetic pull to the protons in the nucleus of the atom.Current Movement of free electrons through a conductor current flow is measured in amperes(Amps). Must have shortage of electrons at one end, surplus at other one electron does not go the whole distance moves and bumps others.Voltage (electromotive force, EMF)Pressure differential causes current to flow, this pressure is known as voltage Voltage is a measure in volts with voltmeter.ResistanceCaused by electrons bumping into other atoms, a poor conductor has greater resistance than a good conductor. Poor conductors will heat up (like a heater).Larger conductors (wire size) offers less resistance then a smaller one, Resistance is measured in ohmsCurrent will flow in the one path with least resistance. Current will flow from negative to positive, negative has surplus of electrons, positive has short supply.Which way does it flow ? Ask the expertsCircuits Must have a power source.A load (something to operate such as a light bulb or motor)Wiring for path of electron flow (Conductor)SwitchCircuit protectionThanks Kevin http://www.autoshop101.com/Series circuit, only one path for current to flowSeries CircuitSeries CircuitParallel circuit, more than one path for current to flow, current flows through all units at once.Parallel CircuitParallel CircuitSeries parallel, combination of both circuits. Series ParallelSeries ParallelCircuit ProblemsCircuit ProblemsOpen circuit, Wire is brokenShort to ground, Wire is touching groundShort to voltage, wire is touching a hot wire. Load device is on even though switch is off.High resistance, current is being slowed by corrosion or a poor connectionCar frameActs as a ground wire, some cars like a corvette have to run ground wires because of fiberglass bodyGround symbol:Ohms lawAmperes = I - IntensityVolts = E - Electromotive forceOhms = R - Resistance to find E = I x RI = E / RR = E / II X REOhms laws For Auto TechsSome Auto Techs will use the followingAmperes = A - AmpsVolts = V - VoltsOhms = R - Resistance to find V = A x RA = V / RR = V / AA X RVM, m, K, M, m, K, μμ PrefixPrefix Symbo lSymbo l FactorFactor NumericallyNumerically NameName gigagiga GG 101099 1 000 000 0001 000 000 000 billionbillion MegaMegaMM1010661 000 0001 000 000 millionmillion kilokilo kk 101033 1 0001 000 thousandthousand centicenti cc 1010-2-2 0.010.01 hundredthhundredth millimilli mm 1010-3-3 0.0010.001 thousandththousandth micromicro μμ 1010-6-6 0.000 0010.000 001 millionthmillionth nanonano nn 1010-9-9 0.000 000 0010.000 000 001 billionthbillionthMagnetismMagnetismMaterials that have this are called MagnetsMaterials that have this are called MagnetsSome are NaturalSome are NaturalSome are madeSome are madeMagnetic DomainsThese small sections of a magnet must all line up to be a strong magnet.If not, they will cancel each other out and the piece of metal will be unmagnetizedLines of ForceLeave north pole, enter southUnlike poles attractLike poles repelLeft hand rule, know which way current flows, fingers point