ECEN 248 – Introduction to Digital Systems Design (Spring 2008) (Sections: 501, 502, 503, 507)Analog & Digital SignalsAnalog V.S. DigitalIntegrated Digital CircuitsSilicon WaferPentium Die PhotoMoore’s LawMoore’s Law (cont’d)Moore’s Law (cont’d)What is Logic Design?Boolean AlgebraECEN 248 – Introduction to Digital Systems Design (Spring 2008)(Sections: 501, 502, 503, 507)Prof. Xi ZhangECE Dept, TAMU, 333N WERChttp://dropzone.tamu.edu/~xizhang/ECEN248Jan 15, 2007 ECEN 2482Analog & Digital Signals• More and more analog products are becoming digital.Jan 15, 2007 ECEN 2483Analog V.S. Digital•Analog– Continuous– E.g., Radio Antenna on Cell Phone• Digital–Discrete– E.g., Pentium ProcessorJan 15, 2007 ECEN 2484Integrated Digital Circuits• Jack Kirby, a former professor of this department, invented Integrated Circuits in 1959 at Texas Instruments.• He argued that by putting all electronic components into a single die, performance would increase and cost would decrease.Jan 15, 2007 ECEN 2485Silicon WaferJan 15, 2007 ECEN 2486Pentium Die PhotoJan 15, 2007 ECEN 2487Moore’s Law• Gordon Moore: co-founder of Intel.– Predicted that number of transistors per chip would grow exponentially (double every 18 months).– Exponential improvement in technology is a natural trend: steam engines, dynamos, automobiles.• Today, the price of a transistor is less than a grain of riceJan 15, 2007 ECEN 2488Moore’s Law (cont’d)Jan 15, 2007 ECEN 2489Moore’s Law (cont’d)What of the following is the largest (in terms of number of transistors)?A) Pentium 4 Extreme EditionB) Xilinx FPGAC) Geforce 6800 UltraAnswer:A) Pentium 4 Extreme Edition (178 million)B) Xilinx FPGA (1 billion)C) Geforce 6800 Ultra (222 million)Jan 15, 2007 ECEN 24810What is Logic Design?• Given a specification, derive a solution using available electronic components• Meeting criteria for performance, cost, power, reliability, etc• Design verification checks if the design is correct in terms of function and performance• Design optimization transforms a lousy design to one with better qualityJan 15, 2007 ECEN 24811Jan 15, 2007 ECEN 24812Jan 15, 2007 ECEN 24813Jan 15, 2007 ECEN 24814Boolean Algebra• Number systems: Unary, binary, decimal, dozenal, bidecimal, …• Binary system (0 and 1): Historical