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ISM 50 - Business Information SystemsLecture 2Instructors: Mary Doyle, Geoff RyderUC Santa CruzApril 1, 2009Reminder: Business Analysis Paper Preferences Due Monday! As a group, turn in 3 things:1.List of your proposed group members.2.List of companies you would like to study. If you don’t have someone in mind to work with, turn in the above 3 things as an individual. One of companies on list must be:Southwest Airlines, Federal Express, Home Depot, Wal-Mart, Charles Schwab, Amazon, EBay.Another Reminder… Assignment 1 is due Wednesday!.Resume, andCover Letter. See class webpage for detailed instructions. Read:Chapter 2 - Section I of O’Brien (reader pp 69-77)Cash Flow Handout on class webpageReview: Business Analysis Paper Choose companies you want to know more about Paper Should Have:Industry ProfileCompany ProfileInformation TechnologyLeadershipMarket and Financial PerformanceTrajectoryReview: Citing SourcesPlagiarism is illegal and cheating and will not be tolerated!!! http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/classes/ism050/Spring09/cite.htmlMore than thirty words verbatim must be cited.Any facts or figures that are not your own must be cited.Ebay’s revenues in the US in 2002 were $1.39 billion [1].[1] Ebay 2005 Annual Report.Review: Citing Sources“Semiconductors have found a place in virtually every electronic device in existence. This helps explain why the industry was able to reach $200 billion in sales before a slump brought the figure back down in 2001”[1].END NOTE:[1] “Semiconductor Trends”, Silicon Valley Tech Week, August 9, 1999, page 81.You must cite your sources in the body of the text!!!!Reference to end note in the body of the text!Review: Citing Sources The easiest way to lose points on your paper is to not cite sources! Guide on the class website will help you cite your sources correctly. Talk to the TA or Instructor if you have questions.Review: Suggested sources of InformationCompany website10K report(This is the annual report public companies file with Security and Exchange Commission.)Article DatabasesA database of articles from magazines like “Business Week” and economics journals.Find it at: http://library.ucsc.eduClick on “article database” on left margin.Click on “LexisNexis Academic ” or try “Business Source Premier from Ebsco Host”Try this tonight! And let us know if you have problems on ThursdayIndustry specific publicationsBooksGood Magazines (The Economist)Consulting groups: Forrester, Gartner, …Where are we, and how did we get here? Let’s survey the history of IT over the past few decades!The History of IT from 1960-2000and beyond……IT Mgmt from 1960-2000 The author (Nolan) breaks down history into 3 erasData Processing EraMicro EraNetwork Era A logical division, but not universalMesserschmitt divides into 4 phases Centralized, Time shared, de-centralized, networkedNolan’s Stages Theory of Organizational Learning Initiation Contagion Control IntegrationThese stages occur for each era and are overlapping as continual change occurs within the organizationThe Data Processing Era (1960-1980)By 1960 economy dominated by large, multi-divisional, hierarchical businesses (M-form)Corporate OfficeDivisional operating units in different marketsExample: GE  corporate office in Connecticut Lighting in Cleveland Locomotives in Erie …Within each division many “functional departments” Accounting, Finance, Engineering, etc.CorporateLighting Power LocomotiveThe Data Processing (DP) Era (1960-1980) Needed to keep track of massive amounts of data for PayrollPayments to customers and suppliers,Inventoryetc.The Data Processing (DP) Era (1960-1980) Meanwhile computers were developed for scientific and defense purposesThe Data Processing (DP) Era (1960-1980) These large companies purchased mainframe computersto manage the data processing.They were slow, enormous, and expensive, by today’s standards.But, they did make it possible to process the enormous volume of data, and transactions in a huge corporationDP Era (1960-1980) Commercial computing evolved… 1954 -- IBM 650 dominates commercial marketLeased for $3,250 per month (over $22,000 per month in today’s dollars!)IBM 3601964 – IBM 360, Interoperable peripheral and computer familyGreat improvement over previous generationA massive development effort by IBMEnsured IBMs dominance in the 60s and 70sData Processing Era (1960-1980)“You never got fired for buying IBM.”Average market share of 68% in the 70s. MeanwhileDigital introduces the mini-computer (1960s)UNIX operating system developed (1969)Bob Metcalfe invents Ethernet (1973)DP Era (1960-1980) Technology EvolutionFirst - Stand Alone Mainframes Next – Dumb terminals attached to mainframe(“Time-Shared” Phase in Messerschmitt’sterminology)Data Processing Era (1960-1980) The information resource manager was known as the Data Processing (DP) manager.Charged with supporting the businessNotwith changing how the business was runDP Era (1960-1980) IS evolved from supporting lower functions to higher level functionsLow: Inventory, Purchasing, SchedulingMedium:Productions Operations ManagementHigh: Corporate wide planningDP Era (1960-1980) -- Annual BudgetingBudgeting was an important function made easier by computersAccounting ofRevenues, Expenditures, Assets, LiabilitiesGenerate Profit and Loss StatementBefore computersWas difficult to do once a yearAfter computers,Could “close the books” more oftenCould break down profits and losses to each level of the corporate hierarchyCapital BudgetingAnalyze return and risk of expenditures intended to generate revenue over multiple accounting periodsExamples: New building, or factoryBefore computerCalculations could become complicatedAfter computerVery easyConsequence: Every level of the organization could be held accountable for their ROIBudgetingBetter budgeting and resulting accountability lead to consistent earnings growth.Build up to Micro Era1974 – Xerox PARC develops fist computer with a mouse. They don’t commercialize it!1974 – Altair PC for hobbyists1975 – Bill Gates and Paul Allen Found


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