Chapter 11 Mitosis Cell Cycle How do cells undergo cell division to give rise to new cells Learning Goals By the end of class you should be able to 1 Describe the different stages of mitosis 2 Describe how we can study mitosis in a cell 3 Explain the three cell checkpoints and what they do 4 Comprehend how the chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell 5 Explain how cancer can arises Mitosis and Cytokinesis Growth To make the trillions of genetically identical cells that make up your body from a single fertilized egg Wound Repair To generate the cells that are lost as a result of a wound Reproduction In yeast and other species mitosis followed by cytokinesis is the basis of reproduction asexual The Cell Cycle phases There are four in the cell cycle M Phase and an interphase consisting of G1 S and G2 The gap phases provides time for the parent cell to grow large enough and synthesize enough organelles for its daughter cells Overview of Mitosis Chromosomes How do we condense our chromosomes Mitosis Interphase Prophase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Overview of Mitosis Florescent tags Jellyfish and many other organism were long known to be able to The protein was identified as green florescent protein GFP and was found that if attached to a protein that new protein would also fluoresce YFG GFP Transcription Translation Protein GFP http boingboing net wp content uploads 2012 07 nice anaphase egg jpg How Do Chromosomes Move During Mitosis How Do Chromosomes Move During Mitosis How Do Chromosomes Move During Mitosis Kinetochore microtubules during due to loss of tubulin dimers at the kinetochore As they shorten proteins walk the chromosomes down the remaining length of the microtubules How Do Chromosomes Move During Mitosis Kinetochore microtubules during due to loss of tubulin dimers at the kinetochore As they shorten proteins walk the chromosomes down the remaining length of the microtubules How Do Chromosomes Move During Mitosis Kinetochore microtubules during due to loss of tubulin dimers at the kinetochore As they shorten proteins walk the chromosomes down the remaining length of the microtubules Control of the Cell Cycle Cell Cycle Regulatory Molecules Mitosis promoting factor MPF induces in all eukaryotes MPF is made up of two distinct subunits One is a protein kinase The other is a cyclin Cell Cycle Checkpoints distinct checkpoints during the cell cycle Interactions between molecules at each checkpoint allow a cell to decide whether to proceed with division Cancer Cells Cancerous cells have two types of defects that make the proteins required for cell growth active when they shouldn t be Defects that prevent genes from the cell cycle Visualizing proteins in the cell Used to find the location of protein in a cell and even track its movement within the cell Protein GFP
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