Classics 10: Chapter 6 The Olympians: Zeus, Hera, PoseidonFirst Exam: ThursdayPriorities for StudyingThe Race of the HellenesSample Exam QuestionsSlide 6I. The Twelve OlympiansThe Twelve OlympiansSlide 9The Olympian “Family”II. Zeus, Lord of the SkyZeus, Lord of the SkyFather ZeusLeda and the Swan Antonio Corregio, 1534The Bisexual ZeusPowerPoint PresentationThe Wives/Consorts of ZeusThe 3 Moerae (Fates)Zeus and the FatesSlide 20Slide 21III. Hera, Queen of HeavenHera as Mother?Zeus and Hera: A Tempestuous MarriageIV. Poseidon, Lord of the DeepPoseidon, Lord of the DeepPoseidon with his Trident[Hades, King of the Dead]AnthropomorphismSlide 30Classics 10: Chapter 6The Olympians:Zeus, Hera, Poseidon[First Exam Thursday]I. The Twelve OlympiansII. Zeus, Lord of the SkyIII. Hera, Queen of HeavenIV. Poseidon, Lord of the DeepBronze statue of Zeus (or Poseidon), slightly larger than life size, 470-450 BCEFirst Exam: Thursday•65-70 Multiple Choice Questions (33% of final grade)•Bring UCD 2000 Scantron Form and #2 pencil; arrive early if possible–Blue scantron, smaller than sheet of paper•The first exam from two summers ago has been posted to SmartSite as a means for you to understand the level of difficulty•Any suspected cheating will be submitted to Student Judicial Affairs for arbitrationPriorities for Studying1. Lecture Power Points: all names, terms, concepts, periods (except the visual art)•Primary source for exam questions = the things I particularly emphasize in lecture2. Key Names and Terms listed at the end of each chapter in the textbookKatie will hold office hours Wednesday, 12-2pm in XXX SproulThe Race of the HellenesDeucalion / Pyrrha Hellen"Hellenes"Dorus"Dorians"Aeolus"Aeolians"XuthusIon"Ionians"Most important of their “children” were the eponymous heroes of the Greeks(eponymous= “giving one’s name to something”)Sample Exam Questions1. Which of the following was a descendant of Deucalion?A) Eponymous B) PrometheusC) Aeolus D) Iapetus E) None2. Which of the following was NOT a descendant of Deucalion?A) Ion B) DorusC) Hellen D) Pyrrha E) NoneSample Exam Questions3. Prometheus tried to trick Zeus by offering him ox bones wrapped in fat, just as humans burned the bones of an animal as a sacrifice to the gods. This myth is an example of: (a) succession myth (b) creation myth (c) etiological myth (d) eponymous myth(e) all of theseI. The Twelve Olympians•The Titans Cronus and Rhea have six children–Zeus, Poseidon, Hades–Hera, Demeter, Hestia•Zeus fathers six more divine children–Apollo, Artemis, Athena, Hephaestus, Ares, Hermes–Aphrodite born from Uranus’ genitals foaming in the sea (or from Zeus)•Zeus (the Sky God) dwells on Mt. Olympus, tallest mountain in Greece–By 6th century BCE, canon of “The Twelve” Olympians established (Hades does not live there)The Twelve Olympians1. Zeus: sky, authority, law, decision-making2. Hera: family, women’s fertility, marriage3. Poseidon: sea, earth-shaker4. Hestia: fire (the hearth)5. Aphrodite: sexual attraction6. Demeter: fertility (esp. agricultural)7. Apollo: prophecy, healing, music8. Artemis: wild animals, the huntThe Twelve Olympians9. Athena: women’s skills, practical wisdom, war 10. Ares: war11. Hephaestus: crafts, metalworking12. Hermes: open spaces, travels, trickster, deception, trade(13.) Hades: underworld (not an official Olympian) (14.) Dionysus: wine, revelry– seems to ultimately replace Hestia (i.e., list not fixed)The Olympian “Family”•Family issues and roles prominent in the myths of the Olympians•Real family dynamics on cosmic scale•Gender and sex remain key issues–Zeus cheats on his wife, she nags him–Athena, Artemis have great power but no sex•i.e., no known husbands, lovers, kids–Demeter has daughter by Zeus but no husband–Aphrodite unpredictable, immoralII. Zeus, Lord of the Sky•Indo-European sky god (di-); the names Zeus and Dios both exist in Greek•He who gathers the clouds, brings the rain, casts the thunderbolt (from the cloudy heights of Olympus)•Irresistible strength; claims he could win tug of war against all others combined•“King and Father of Gods and Men”Zeus, Lord of the Sky•A symbol of his power is the aegis–“goatskin”; shield with snake-headed tassels–inspires terror, often wielded by Athena•His animal symbols are the bull (powerful, fertile) and the eagle (master of the sky)•Guardian of justice (d i kê), customary law•Protector of xenia, the formal institution of reciprocal hospitality, mark of civilization–major Homeric theme: Helen, OdysseusFather Zeus•Zeus structures the world through sexual generation (though many stories = fun)–115 known lovers within Greek mythology!–Book 14 of the Iliad: Hera seduces him•he compares her beauty to his other lovers (!)•he causes the flowers to blossom around them in order to hide their sex (allegory of reproduction?)•he then falls asleep (!); Hera free to interfere in the Trojan War•Zeus awakens to discover the trick, things then turn violent (but up to now have been comic)Leda and the SwanAntonio Corregio, 1534•Zeus seduces Leda as a swan, Helen of Troy will result•Zeus never shoots blanks (!)The Bisexual Zeus•Zeus takes on many aspects of a Greek aristocrat, such as pederasty •Zeus so besotted with Ganymede, a Trojan prince, that he seizes him, brings him to Olympus•Ganymede personal bartender to Zeus, with clearly erotic roleZeus (as Eagle) Abducts GanymedeL: Roman Mosaic (3rd C CE) R: Damiano Mazza, 1570The Wives/Consorts of Zeus1. Metis (Cleverness), bears Athena•Allegory for union of strength and intelligence2. Themis (Established Law)•Allegory for combining strength with justice•Produces Horae (Seasons)•Produces Moerae (Fates)•Hesiod first says they were born of Nyx (Night), but later says they were sisters of the HoraeThe 3 Moerae (Fates)•Clotho: the spinner (makes the thread)•Lachesis: the apportioner (measures the thread)•Atropos: “she who cannot be turned aside” (cuts the thread)•These 3 determine the allotment of life for each mortal•Measurement made early = “Destiny”Zeus and the Fates•Book 16 of the Iliad: Zeus ponders whether to save one of his sons (Sarpedon) from his destined death –i.e., he thinks he has this power•Hera tells him that massive disorder would follow if he overturned the Fates•Zeus relents, subject to his daughtersThe Wives/Consorts of Zeus3. Eurynome (an Oceanid),