Chapter 21 The Endocrine System Pancreas Insulin and Diabetes How does the endocrine system regulate energy metabolism Glucose Monitoring Lab Exam will be pushed to next Tuesday Anatomy of the Endocrine System Primary endocrine organs primary funcBon is the secreBon of hormones Secondary endocrine organs also secrete hormones but it is secondary to some other funcBon AbsorpBve State For about 3 4 hours aHer eaBng a meal the body must absorb while nutrients are plenBful In this state energy input usually exceeds output and the energy is stored in macromolecules Post AbsorpBve State Corresponds to the Bme between meals where the rate of energy expenditure is greater than energy intake Energy stores are mobilized to provide the energy that cells need As a result the body provides a constant supply of nutrients to cells How Does the Endocrine System Regulate this Process Metabolic adjustments as the body switches between these two states are triggered by the release of insulin and glucagon Insulin Receptor AcBvaBon The insulin receptor couples to intracellular signaling cascades to recruit GLUT4 transporters to the cell surface The Diabetes Epidemic According to the American Diabetes AssociaBon in the U S 8 of the populaBon 24 million people have diabetes In addiBon another 57 million people are pre diabeBc meaning there is a high probability that they will develop diabetes in the future Prevalence of Diabetes in the U S Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus consists of two types type 1 and type 2 Type 1 diabetes mellitus is also called juvenile onset diabetes because damage to the beta cells of the pancreas keeps them from secreEng enough insulin in the blood to regulate blood glucose Type 2 diabetes mellitus also called adult onset diabetes is characterized by failure to respond to insulin when its levels are normal Results in cells not ge ng required glucose and blood glucose levels rising Diabetes Mellitus
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