Test 4 Notes(4/16)- Heroin clip from history channel: used to cure morphine addicts. Didn’t knowthat heroin was more deadly. By 1913, heroin was leading drug of addiction in nyc and leading narcotic addiction. Fears about how large the addict population really was. Looked to government for fixing, legislation in 1914 was passed. Problems in constitution with states rights and invasion of personal space. Harrison Narcotics Act, 1st step to outlaw certain drugs.DRUGS AND SOCIAL INEQUALITY- The Harrison Narcotics Act (1914): heroin becomes known as a big problem in 1898, within ten years its observed that it is addictive and a majorhealth problem, Francis Burton Harris is politician that is part of antidrug crusade. He tries to convince congress to pass federal law that would ban drug use. Southern states are reluctant to do so. African American fiends in south are not knocked down by bullets due to cocaine use. They are essentially “bullet-proof” and super human. Compared to prohibition. Cocaine has had a much bigger impact on health as the years have gone by. - Drugs in the Social Context: o History – scientific progress, opening and closing of drug markets, contingencies and unpredictable eventso Social Structure – laws and the criminal justice system, politics (state, national, and global), race, ethnicity, gender and class (sociologists most comfortable with this view)o The group and the individual – human agency (choosing to do drugson their own vs. outside factors) and rationality, becoming a drug dealer or usero The body – brain chemistry: dopamine and serotonin, addiction, tolerance, and withdrawal.- Righteous Dopefiend (1-45): moral economy – types of relations that prevent the fiends from getting sick due to withdrawal symptoms, seems moral to those participating in the act, habitus – (p.17) want to understand the way drugs are registered on the body that reflects larger images of the drug users in reality, symbolic violence – the type of violence that is carried on when addicts, themselves or others, misrecognize their addiction as a personal failing, specifically to the mechanisms that lead those who are subordinated to ‘misrecognize’ inequality as the natural order of things and to blame themselves for their location in their society’s hierarchies, “lumpen abuse” – the types of trauma/trouble encountered by the poorest of the poor,Marx would have summarily dismissed the Edgewater homeless as members of the lumpen proletariat… they are too marginal to be a part of what Marx calls ‘the reserve army of the unemployed’”, Intimate Apartheid – marked hostility among different members of different races within Edgewater, racist exchanges, conflict on one hand and alliance building on the other, neoliberalism – advocate for pure free market , consistent with the consolidation of neoliberalism in the US, most forms of federal assistance tolocal governments that funded social programs for the poor – such as job training,…LOOK UP ON PPT, .(4/19/12) Discussion SectionWRITING ASSIGNMENT #4: due at midnight by May 3rd!(4/23/12)EXPLANATIONS OF CRIME & DEVIANCE- 1955 movie clip (weed): weed then, feelings & level of deviance- More modern movie clip (weed): modern uses, language, etc.- Rational Choiceo Costs vs. benefits: course of action chosen by what we will get out of it in the long run. People way the costs and benefits in all actions.o “bounded rationality”: we make shortcuts based on imperfect infoo “choice-structuring properties”: shape our cost/benefit analysis. - Differential Associationo Edwin Sutherland’s propositions: differential association theory – learning theory of crime. 1. Criminal behavior is learned. 4. When criminal behavior is learned, the learning includes techniques of committing the crime, which are sometimes very complicated and sometimes very simple; the specific direction of motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes. 8. The process of learning criminal behavior by association with criminal and anticriminal patterns incorporates all the mechanisms that are involved in any other learning. 2. Criminal behavior is learned in interactions with other persons in a process of communication. 3. The principal part of the learning… 5. The specific direction of motives and drives is learned from definitions of legal codes as favorable and unfavorable. 6. A person becomes a delinquent because of an excess of definitions favorable to violation of law over definitions unfavorable to violation of law.o Becker’s marijuana study: use of marijuana has greatly increased since the 1950s… psychological approach – studied the personalities of marijuana users. He doesn’t see them as deviant people & wanted tounderstand what it meant to become a marijuana user. o Learning both technique & “definition” – learning where to inject the drug in veins, abssecces, etc. “booting & jacking” – blood goes in and out of syringe after shooting the heroin in the vein. Becker says you need both types of learning to become whatever you are trying to become… ex. marijuana user. You have to know the pleasurable physical symptoms of the drug to understand the definition.REVIEW GAME – DISCUSSION SECTION- Longest employment: Hank- All of the edgewater homeless except for one have been shooting heroin sincethe 1960s.- Chastised often for his filthiness: Hogan- Scavenged vegetables from Farmer’s Market and made stew on weekends: Hank- Translates structural power into intimate ways of being: habitus- Multiple levels of abusive relationships: lumpen abuse- Enforcement of racialized homeless encampments: intimate apartheid- Way society political and economical organization of society causes harm to people: structural violence- Edgewater group that actively shunned panhandling: African Americans- Worked at KFC: Tina- Shares workspace, money, and drugs: running partner- Gender hegemony: - Share because they want favor to be reciprocated: example of moral economy- Gender ideology: set of ideas that helps us make sense of certain circumstances- Theory that peer pressure and learning are ways people adopt deviant behaviors: differential association- People on periphery of social network may experience: anomie… suicide- Example of racialized habitus used by people in RD: white people said they aren’t actual dopefiends, they’re just crack heads.- Purpose of RD is: understand effects of large scale systems of