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MSU ECE 480 - FPGA Implementation of Driver Assistance Camera Algorithms

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Executive SummaryTable of ContentsIntroductionConceptual Design DescriptionsRanking of Conceptual DesignsRisk AnalysisProject Management PlanBudgetMichigan State UniversityECE 480Design Team 3October 22, 2010FPGA Implementation of Driver Assistance Camera AlgorithmsFinal ProposalManager Jeff OlsenWebmaster Fatoumata DembeleDocument Preparation Pascha GrantLab Coordinator Chad EcklesPresentation Preparation Emmett KuhnRover Tom GanleyFacilitator Professor MukkamalaSponsor XilinxExecutive SummaryPassenger safety is the primary concern and focus of Automobile Manufacturers today. In addition to the passive safety equipment, including seatbelts and primary airbags, technology based active safety mechanisms are being incorporated more than ever and may be soon requiredby law. Current trends are requiring automobile manufacturers to include a multitude of technology based safety equipment including ultrasonic sensors and back-up cameras. Historically, back-up cameras in vehicles give the driver an unaltered view from behind the vehicle; however, with the sponsorship of Xilinx, Michigan State University’s ECE 480 Team 3 will design and implement an algorithm that will visually alert the driver of objects seen in the back-up camera. This platform will draw the driver’s attention to objects both stationary and in-motion behind the vehicle by marking them with targets. In doing so, the driver will be less likely to overlook objects that may create a safety hazard. The team will combine edge detection,object detection, and image clarity algorithms to create a system that will both accurately and efficiently detect and visually alert the driver of objects behind the vehicle. Implementation of the algorithm will utilize Xilinx’s Spartan-3A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) development board and will be presented on design day at MSU’s union on December 10, 2010.Table of ContentsExecutive Summary...................................................................................................1Table of Contents.......................................................................................................2Introduction...............................................................................................................3Background................................................................................................................4FAST Diagram...........................................................................................................6Conceptual Design Descriptions...............................................................................8Ranking of Conceptual Designs..............................................................................11Risk Analysis...........................................................................................................13Project Management Plan........................................................................................14Budget......................................................................................................................15Page | 2IntroductionSafety has become the driving factor for today’s automobile industry. It has evolved from basic airbags to revolutionary motion sensors, cameras, and various computer-aided driving technologies. Vehicle safety can be split into two categories: passive and active. Passive safety includes primary airbags, seatbelts, and the physical structure of the vehicle while active safety typically refers to preventative accident technology assistance as demonstrated in Figure 1. According to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, in 2009, at least 18 automotive brands offered one or more of the five main active crash prevention technologies including lane departure warning and forward collision warning. With new technologies on the rise, it is no surprise that the automobile industry’s customers are demanding innovation from their vehicles.Figure 1: Active Safety includes Lane Departure Warning (left) and Blind Spot Detection (Right)In addition, it is rumored that in 2014 the government will mandate all new vehicles to possess back-up cameras. Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) are striving to meet this requirement and some even to surpass the regulation. Xilinx, a leader in programmable logic products, has already helped some vehicle manufacturers implement active safety features, such as the lane departure warning system, and knows the back-up camera is the next feature which could be improved. Solely providing a live feed from a camera while the vehicle is in reverse is agood start, but it does not reflect the innovative expertise customary of Xilinx. Xilinx, along withthe help of Michigan State University’s ECE 480 Team 3, propose to create an algorithm to visually alert the driver of objects seen within the back-up camera using Xilinx’s Xtreme Spartan-3A development board. This feature prevents the driver from overlooking important objects within the camera’s view while the vehicle is in reverse. Xilinx has provided the team with the Xtreme Spartan-3A development board, camera, and the company’s System Generator tools to develop a prototype. The team will bring various algorithms into the design along with other image correction techniques to provide a high quality and accurate system. Page | 3BackgroundBack-up cameras are becoming an increasingly popular feature on vehicles and in the next four years will transition from only a high-end feature into a standard one. Sanyo was the first company to implement the back-up camera into a vehicle’s electronic design and has long used FPGA’s to digitally correct the feeds due to their rapid processing power. Gentex, an automotive supplier, then built onto Sanyo’s success and began implementing their own back-up camera. What stood out about Gentex’s design was their selection of display location to be within the rearview mirror. By placing the back-up camera’s display in a location that the driver should be looking at while backing up before the addition of the camera reinforces good driver safety habits. In April 2010, Fujitsu Ten created a 360 degree overhead camera system by merging the images of four cameras mounted on each side of the car. This innovation will expand vehicle camera technology but is a system still in need of technical development.Xilinx designs and develops programmable logic products, including FPGAs and CPLDs, for industrial, consumer,


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MSU ECE 480 - FPGA Implementation of Driver Assistance Camera Algorithms

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