Source code management • Subversion (SVN): version control system• for managing large projects with multiple people– widely used, open source– works across network as client-server– fixes many of shortcomings of CVS• store and retrieve all versions of all directories and files in a project– usually source code– also documentation, tests, binaries, ...• support multiple concurrent users– independent editing of files– merged into single version• highly recommended for COS 333 projects!– save all previous versions of all files so you can back out of a bad change– log changes to files so you can see who changed what and why– mediate conflicting changes made by different users -- keeps consistencyBasic sequence• create a repository– where SVN stores its copies of your files– including all changes made by anyone• each person checks out a copy of the files– "copy - modify - merge"– get files from repository to work ondoes not lock the repository– make changes in a local copy– when satisfied, check in (== commit) changes• if my changes don't conflict with your changes– SVN updates its copies with the revised versions– edits on different lines are merged automatically– keeps previous copies • if my changes conflict with your changes– e.g., we both changed lines in the same part of file,SVN doesn't permit the checkin– we have to resolve the conflict manuallyBasic sequence, continued• when changes are committed, SVN insists on a log message– strong encouragement to record what change was made and why– can get a history of changes to one or more files– can diff versions of a file• can create multiple branches of a project• can tag snapshots for e.g., releases• can be used as client-server, so can do distributed development– repository on one machine– users and their local copies can be anywhereGetting started• to put code under SVN control, do this once:svnadmin create repositorysvn import proj.dir file:///repository \-m 'initial repository'svn checkout file:///repository working.dir• create, edit files in working.dircd working.dired x.c # etc.svn diff x.csvn add newfile.c• update the respositorysvn commit # commit all the changes • for more info, read svn.help on web page, SVN book, etc.Alternatives• Bazaar http://bazaar-vcs.org• Mercurial http://www.selenic.com/mercurial• Githttp://git-scm.com/• comparison
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