Presented By: Gaurav C Josan Department - EETOPICSLinear Optics vs Non Linear OpticsNon-Linear optics produces many exotic eventsIn Linear opticsIn Non-Linear OpticsImportance of ‘NLO’PolarizationPhenomenon Associated With Non-linear OpticsSecond Harmonic GenerationSum and Difference Frequency GenerationFour Wave mixing (FWM)Materials applied in Non-Linear opticsApplications:Slide 16Imaging and Aberration correction using PCMSlide 18Optical Parametric OscillatorsOptical ComputingFuture ScopeReferencesThank you for your patiencePresented By: Gaurav C Josan Department - EENON-LINEAR OPTICSNON LINEAR OPTICSPresented By:Gaurav C JosanDepartment-EETOPICS Linear optics vs. Non-linear opticsImportance of Non-linear opticsLinear & Non-linear polarization.Phenomenon associated with NLOMaterials applied in NLOApplicationsFuture1961 – Discovery of Optical second harmonic generation.1962 – Discovery of Stimulated Raman scattering.1964 – Stimulated Brilloium scattering. It is now an efficient technique to generate or amplify coherent optical radiation with small frequency shift.MILESTONESLinear Optics vs Non Linear OpticsLinear optics- ‘Optics of weak light’: Light is deflected or delayed but its frequency is unchanged.Non-Linear optics-‘Optics of intense light’: We are concerned with the effects that light itself induces as it propagates through the medium.Non-Linear optics produces many exotic events•Nonlinear optics allows us to change the color of a light beam, to change its shape in space and time, to switch telecommunica-tions systems, and to create the shortest events ever made by ManEx: Sending infrared light into a crystal yielded this display of green lightIn Linear optics A light wave acts on a molecule, which vibrates and then emits its own light wave that interferes with the original light wave.In Non-Linear Optics If irradiance is high enough vibrations at all frequencies corresponding to all energy differences between populated states are produced.Importance of ‘NLO’Optical wave manipulation is one of the future technologies for optical processing. It has various applications in fiber-optic communications and optoelectronics which makes it an increasingly important topic among electrical engineers.PolarizationLinear Non-linear P: induced polarization of medium0: dielectric constant of vacuumE: electric field i): succeptibilities of ‘i’ order.0P Ee c=r r(1) (2) 2 (3) 30...P E E E        Phenomenon Associated With Non-linear Optics Second harmonic generation.Sum frequency generation.Difference frequency generation.Optical parameter amplification.‘N’ wave mixing.Second Harmonic Generation(1) (2) 2 (3) 30...P E E E        What are the effects of such nonlinear terms?*0 022 2 *20 0 0 ( ) exp( ) exp( ), ( ) exp(2 ) 2 exp( 2 ) E t E i t E i tE t E i t E E i tw ww w� + -� + + -�Since 2 = 2nd harmonic!Second-order non-linear crystal1064 nm 1064 nm532 nmSum and Difference Frequency GenerationSuppose there are two different-color beams present:So:2nd-harmonic gen2nd-harmonic genSum-freq genDiff-freq gen dc rectification* *1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2( ) exp( ) exp( ) exp( ) exp( )E t E i t E i t E i t E i t              2 2 *21 1 1 12 *22 2 2 2* *1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2* *1 2 1 2 1 2 1 22 21 2( ) exp(2 ) exp( 2 ) exp(2 ) exp( 2 ) 2 exp( ) 2 exp( ) 2 exp( ) 2 exp( ) 2 2E t E i t E i tE i t E i tE E i t E E i tE E i t E E i tE E                     Four Wave mixing(FWM)In this three optical fields mix in a non-linear medium and create a four wave.Materials applied in Non-Linear opticsTitle Transmission Range, mm Typical ApplicationsLBO 0.16 - 3.3 High power lasers harmonics generation and OPO pumped by Nd:YAG harmonicsBBO 0.19 - 3.3 - Solid State and Dye laser harmonics generation with output in the range 200-532 nm;- OPO/OPA pumped by Nd:YAG harmonics with 295 - 3000 nm outputKTP 0.38 - 4.4 Harmonics generation in UV and VISKD*P 0.26 - 1.6 Harmonics generation in VISLiNbO30.4 - 4.5 SHG and OPO pumped by Nd:YAG laserLiIO30.3 - 6.0 SHG and THG of Nd:YAG, DFM with output in 3 - 5 m range AgGaS20.53 – 12 Harmonics generation and DFM with wide tunable output in 3 - 9 m, IR visualizationAgGaSe20.73 – 18 SHG of CO2 lasers, OPO with 3 - 12 m outputGaSe 0.65 – 18 SHG of CO and CO2 lasers, DFM with output in 7 - 16 m CdSe 0.75 – 25 DFM with tunable output up to 25 mAgAsS30.6 – 13 IR visualization, DFM, OPOTe 3.8 – 32 DFM with output in 15 - 30 mApplications:Optical phase conjugationOptical parametric oscillatorsOptical computingOptical switchingOptical data storageImaging and Aberration correction using PCM Basic two-pass geometry for imaging and aberration correction using a PCM(Phase conjugate mirror).Optical Parametric Oscillators Converts the pump wave into two coherent light waves with longer wavelengths.Applications: Light detection and ranging (LIDAR), High-resolution spectroscopy, Medical research, Environmental monitoring, Display technology, and Precision frequency metrology.Optical ComputingOptical Techniques can provide a number of ways of extending the information processing capability of electronics. Large quantities of data can be generated from different resources and powerful computer is required to process them.Just electronics are not enough for this and therefore OPTICS can provide some solutions.Digital Optical computer requires the use of nonlinear optics.Future ScopeThe field of Nonlinear Optics today has grown into a vast enterprise with a considerable potential for technological applications. The nonlinear optical (NLO) materials needed for optimized components , however, have not yet been realized.New nonlinear optical materials and devices are in various stages of development.Organic nonlinear optical materials are thought to play a key role in the future of NLO. “Purely optical information processing looms on the