ANTHROPOLOGY 101 INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY NOTES FROM LECTURE 3 HISTORY OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL THEORY Main theoretical frameworks used by anthropologists ETIC perspective Analysis of data collected from specific perspective Began in 19th century as comparative science First use of term 15th century psychology and anatomy Early ethnographies Small scale technologically simpler societies Why Fear that traditional cultures were disappearing Need to record cultures Non western cultures relatively homogeneous more feasible to study Interest in diversity in the world Cultural differences were important All cultures were on different evolutionary scales EVOLUTIONARY SCALE BASED ON SCIENTIFIC RACISM Primitive civilized Louis Henry Morgan 19th Century Armchair anthropology Basing studies on works and writings of missionaries travelers Not conducting original fieldwork 1 UNILINEAL EVOLUTIONISM late 1800s Henry Louis Morgan 2 US HISTORICAL PARTICULARISM 1910 1940 Franz Boas 3 BRITISH FUNCTIONALISM 1920 1950 Bronislaw Malinowski Alfred RadcliffeBrown 4 CULTURE AND PERSONALITY Margaret Mead Ruth Benedict based on Boas and Freud 5 STRUCTURALISM French Claude Levi Strauss 6 CULTURAL ECOLOGY 1960s present Julian Steward and Leslie White 7 CULTURAL MATERIALISM 1960s present Marvin Harris 8 INTERPRETIVE AND SELF REFLEXIVE ANTHROPOLOGY 1980spresent Ruth Behar 9 POSTMODERN ANTHROPOLOGY late 1980s present Renato Rosaldo
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