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Purdue PSY 20000 - Lecture notes

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Professor Greg Francis 8/17/11 PSY 200: Intro. to Cognitive Psychology 1 Purdue University Language and the brain PSY 200 Greg Francis Lecture 32 What’s the big deal about Nim Chimpsky? Purdue University Language  Properties  grammar  phrases  words  Instinct  different from other types of learning  special areas in the brain related to language  evolution: can similar brains learn language? Purdue University Broca’s aphasia  Some stroke patients show agrammatical speech  Seem to know what they want to say  But are unable to say it Left hemisphere Right hemisphere Purdue University Broca’s aphasia  Some stroke patients show agrammatical speech  repetition  short sentences  true for both written and spoken  no problem controlling mouth » e.g. blowing out candles Do you drive home on weekends? Why, yes…Thursday, er, er, er, no, er Friday…Barba-ra…wife …and, oh, car…drive… purnpike…you know… reset and…teevee. Purdue University Brain damage  Broca’s area ==> Broca’s aphasia  Wernicke’s area ==> Wernicke’s aphasia Purdue University Broca’s aphasia  Mr. Ford  omitted endings (-ed, -s)  omitted function words (or, be, the)  skipped function words when reading (or, be, the) but read similar sounding words (oar, bee)  named objects and recognized names  high (nonverbal) IQProfessor Greg Francis 8/17/11 PSY 200: Intro. to Cognitive Psychology 2 Purdue University Broca’s aphasia  Difficulty getting ideas across  Patient BL was asked to describe this picture B.L.: Wife is dry dishes. Water down! Oh boy! Okay Awright. Okay ...Cookie is down...fall, and girl, okay, girl...boy...um... Examiner: What is the boy doing? B.L.:Cookie is...um...catch Examiner: Who is getting the cookies? B.L.: Girl, girl Examiner: Who is about to fall down? B.L.: Boy...fall down! Purdue University Broca’s aphasia  Could understand questions if gist could be deduced from content words  Do you use a hammer for cutting?  Does a stone float on water?  Failed to understand anything requiring grammatical analysis  The lion was killed by the tiger, which one is dead? Purdue University Broca’s area  Plays a role in learning the rules of a language  Musso et al. (2003)  fMRI while subjects judge whether Italian sentences are grammatically correct or not  At start, subjects did not know rules of Italian  Broca’s area is activated  Signal correlates with correct identification Left hemisphere Right hemisphere Purdue University Wernicke’s aphasia  Other stroke patients also show agrammatical speech  Seem to be able to say things  But what they say is almost meaningless Left hemisphere Right hemisphere Purdue University Wernicke’s aphasia  Patients show  poor comprehension  poor vocabulary  “empty” speech What brings you to the hospital? Boy, I’m sweating, I’m awful nervous, you know, once in a while I get caught up, I can’t mention the tarripoi, a month ago, quite a little, I’ve done a lot well. I impose a lot, while on the other hand, you know what I mean, I have to run around, look it over, trebbin and all that sort of stuff... Purdue University Wernicke’s aphasia  Difficulty getting ideas across H.W.:First of all this is falling down, just about, and is gonna fall down and they're both getting something to eat...but the trouble is this is gonna let go and they're both gonna fall down...but already then...I can't see well enough but I believe that either she or will have some food that's not good for you and she's to get some for her too...and that you get it and you shouldn't get it there because they shouldn't go up there and get it unless you tell them that they could have it. and so this is falling down and for sure there's one they're going to have for food and, and didn't come out right, the uh, the stuff that's uh, good for, it's not good for you but it, but you love it, um mum mum (smacks lips)...and that so they've...see that, I can't see whether it's in there or not. Examiner:Yes, that's not real clear. What do you think she's doing? H.W.:But, oh, I know. She's waiting for this! Examiner:No, I meant right here with her hand, right where you can't figure out what she's doing with that hand. H.W.:Oh, I think she's saying I want two or three, I want one, I think, I think so, and so, so she's gonna get this one for sure it's gonna fall down there or whatever, she's gonna get that one and, and there, he's gonna get one himself or more, it all depends with this when they fall down...and when it falls down there's no problem, all they got to do is fix it and go right back up and get some more.Professor Greg Francis 8/17/11 PSY 200: Intro. to Cognitive Psychology 3 Purdue University Wernicke’s aphasia  Most aphasias involve damage to more than just one specific area Purdue University Anomia  Damage around Wernicke’s area produces a deficit in the ability to name things  e.g., after a stroke in this area CB cannot retrieve nouns he wants to use C.B. Uh, well this is the...the...of this. This and this and this and this. These things going in there like that. This is...things here. This one here, these two things here. And the other one here, back in this one, this one...look at this one. Examiner Yeah, what's happening there? C.B. I can't tell you what that is, but I know what it is, but I don't know where it is. But I don't know what's under. I know it's you couldn't say it's ... I couldn't say what it is. I couldn't say what that is. This shu-- that should be right in here. That's very bad in there. Anyway, this one here, and that, and that's it. This is the getting in here and that's the getting around here, and that, and that's it. This is getting in here and that's the getting around here, this one and one with this one. And this one, and that's it, isn't it? I don't know what else you'd want. Purdue University Anomia  Sometimes anomia can be remarkable specific  Some patients have difficulty with only certain types of nouns  concrete vs abstract (chair vs trust)  nonliving vs living (table vs dog)  animals and vegetables vs food and body parts  colors  proper names Purdue University Brain and language  Recall that the left


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