MIT STS 005 - Relativism (2 pages)

Weekly Writing Assignment 6 Relativism Due in Section week of 10 18 10 20 Studying the history of medicine and therapeutics poses many problems One has been especially difficult Physicians and historians have traditionally judged past therapeutic systems on the basis of what we know now producing a large body of historical research that condemns past therapeutic knowledge as ignorant superstitious misguided fraudulent etc Only recently have historians begun to move away from this judgmental history Adopting a more relativistic approach they have become curious about how past therapeutic systems functioned That will be our focus in this part of the course To evaluate historical therapeutic systems fairly you need to be able to do two things First you need to be sympathetic curious open minded etc when you read about old treatments Instead of dismissing them try to imagine how or why they might have worked Second you need to be critical and skeptical about our modern therapeutic ideas Do not assume that scientific medicine has progressed rationally and steadily As you will see there is much that is contingent and irrational in modern medicine Therefore you must be openminded about everything and you must take nothing for granted This week s readings let you practice these skills Judgmental and narrow minded assessments about past therapies are not a new phenomena In his account of Indian healing Heckewelder makes his own opinions exceedingly clear While aspects of Indian healing systems were quite laudable e g he recounts many patients who were cured by Indian healers others were abominable especially the religion and superstition He implies two things first that you could always categorize a treatment as rational or superstitious and second that European and American medicine had left superstition behind and functioned solely on a rational basis Is Heckewelder being fair Josselyn and Ulrich both provide detailed glimpses into the medical world of the British colonies and early United States Imagine a debate between Heckewelder and an Indian shaman Could Heckewelder argue that white medicine unlike Indian medicine was a wholly rational process Could the shaman find evidence of superstition and magical thinking in the medical practices of colonists in Maine in the 17th and 18th centuries Keep your discussion brief 200 words but be specific Use specific treatments and the theory behind them to defend your position Because therapeutic systems are always complex and heterogeneous many different answers can be defended If you mention specific material from the text or use quotations please provide page numbers