Fisher’s Exact TestMcNemar’s TestChi-Squared Test for IndependenceMeasures of Association for Ordinal VariablesSimple Linear RegressionSource: Meierding (1993), “Marble Tombstone Weathering and Air Pollution in North America”, Annals of the Association of Geographers, Vol.83 #4. pp. 568-588Multiple Linear RegressionRandomized Block DesignDependent Variable: Endurance time on BicycleRepeated Measures Design (Multivariate Approach)Dependent Variable: Hair weight at target siteAnalysis of CovarianceLogistic Regression (Quantitative and/or Dummy Predictors)Dependent Variable: Field Goal Attempt Outcome (1=Success, 0=Failure)Loglinear Model2-Sample t-test – Independent SamplesDataset: Cloud Seeding ExperimentDependent Variable: Rain-gage Depth (mm) of rainfall in cloud-seeded test areaIndependent Variable: Seeded/Not seeded on that day (Seed=1 if Yes, 0 if No)SPSS Instructions:- Enter data in two columns: One for Seed, and other for Depth- Using Variable View, NAME the variables (e.g. Seed, Depth)- Using Variable View, assign VALUES to the Seed variable (e.g. 1- Seeded, 0- Unseeded)- Return to Data View, and Select- ANALYZE - COMPARE MEANS- INDEPENDENT SAMPLES t-TEST- Select a Test Variable (e.g. Depth)- Select a Grouping Variable (e.g. Seed)- Define Groups (e.g. (1,0))Source: J.Meitín, W.Woodley, J. Flueck (1984). “Exploration of Extended-Area Treatment Effects in FACE-2 Using Satellite Imagery,” Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology, pp.63-??Paired t-test – Dependent SamplesDataset: Botox for Migraine HeadachesDependent Variable: Headache Frequency per MonthIndependent Variable: Botox Condition (Pre/Post Treatment)SPSS Instructions:- Enter data in 3 columns: one for subject id, one for pre-treatment headache frequency,and one for post-treatment headache frequency- Using Variable View, Name the variables (e.g. id, Pre, Post)- Return to Data View, and Select:- ANALYZE- COMPARE MEANS- PAIRED SAMPLES t-TEST- Select 2 Paired Variables (e.g. Pre and Post)Source: R. Behmand, T. Tucker, and B. Guyuron (2003). “Single-Site Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection for Elimination of Migraine Trigger Points”, Headache, Vol. 43: 1085-1089.Fisher’s Exact TestDataset: Antiseptic as Treatment for Amputation (In Contingency Table Form)Dependent Variable: Occurrence of Death among upper limb amputees (1=Death, 0=Survive)Independent Variable: Period of Surgery (1=Post-Discovery of Antiseptic, 0=Pre)SPSS Instructions: - Enter data in 3 columns (Death status, antiseptic status, number of cases)- Using Variable View, NAME the variables (e.g. Death, Antiseptic, Cases)- Using Variable View, assign VALUES to the Death and Antiseptic Variables variable (e.g. 1- Yes, 0- No)- Return to Data View and Select:- DATA- WEIGHT CASES- Click on Weight Cases by- Select the variable Cases- ANALYZE- DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS- CROSSTABS- Select Antiseptic as Rows- Select Death as Columns- Click on Statistics and click on Chi-SquareSource: J. Lister (1870). “Effects of the Antiseptic System of Treatment on the Salubrity of a Surgical Hospital”, The Lancet, 1:4-6,40-42McNemar’s TestDataset: Silicone Breast Implant Ruptures (In Contingency Table Form)Dependent Variable: Rupture/Leak Reporting Status in surgery on silicone gel breast implants (1=Yes, 0=No)Independent Variable: Reporter (1=Self Report, 2=Surgical Record)SPSS Instructions:- Enter data in three columns (Self Report, Surgical Record, Number of cases)- Using Variable View, Name the Variables (e.g. Self, Surgical, Cases)- Using Variable View, Asssign Values to the levels of the variables (e.g. 1- Yes, 0-No)- Return to Data View and Select:- DATA- WEIGHT CASES- Click on Weight Cases by- Select the variable Cases- ANALYZE- DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS- CROSSTABS- Select Self as Rows- Select Surgical as Columns- Click on Statistics and click on McNemarSource: Brown and Pennello (2002). “Replacement Surgery and Slicone Breast Implant Rupture”, Journal of Women’s Health & Gender-Based Medicine, Vol. 11, pp255-264.Chi-Squared Test for IndependenceDataset: Union Army Deaths by Rank and Duty (In Contingency Table Form)Dependent Variable: Mortality status for Union troops during Civil War (1=Died during war, 0=survived war)Independent Variable: Rank/Duty staus (1=Private/Infantry, 2=Private/Noninfantry, 3=Officer/Infantry, 4=Officer/Noninfantry)SPSS Instructions:- Enter data in 3 columns (rank/duty status, mortality status, number of cases)- Using Variable View, Name the Variables (e.g. rankduty, Death, Cases)- Using Variable View, Asssign Values to the levels of the variables- Return to Data View and Select:- DATA- WEIGHT CASES- Click on Weight Cases by- Select the variable Cases- ANALYZE- DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS- CROSSTABS- Select rankduty as Rows- Select Death as columns- Click on Statistics and click on Chi-Square - Click on Cells and click on: Expected, Column Percentages (Conditional/Marginal Distributions of Death/Survive for each rank/duty group), Adj. Standardized Residuals (adjusted residuals for each cell).Source: C. Lee (1999). “Selective Assignment of Military Positions in the Union Army: Implications for the Impact of the Civil War”, Social Science History, Vol. 23, pp. 67-97.Measures of Association for Ordinal VariablesDataset: Price and Quality Ratings (In Contingency Table Form)Dependent Variable: Beer drinker’s assessment of beer taste (0=undrinkable, 1=Poor,2=Fair, 3=Good, 4=Very Pleasant)Independent Variable: Price condition assigned to beer pre-tasting: (1=Low,2=Medium, 3=High)SPSS Instructions:- Enter data in 3 columns (Price Condition, Taste Quality, number of cases)- Using Variable View, Name the Variables (e.g. Price, Taste, Cases)- Using Variable View, Assign Values to the levels of the variables- Return to Data View and Select:- DATA- WEIGHT CASES- Click on Weight Cases by- Select the variable Cases- ANALYZE- DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS- CROSSTABS- Select price as Rows- Select taste as columnsClick on Statistics and click on Ordinal Measures: Gamma and Kendall’s Tau-bSource: McConnell (1968). “An Experimental Evaluation of the Price-QualityRelationship”, The Journal of Business, Vol. 41, pp439-444.Simple Linear RegressionDataset: Tombstone WeatheringDependent Variable: Tombstone Surface Recession RateIndependent Variable: 100-Year Mean SO2 concentrationSPSS Instructions:- Enter data into 2 columns (SO2 Concentration, Tombstone Recession Rate)- Using Variable View, Name the
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