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,MORPHOLOGYANDLANGUAGE HISTORYIN HONOUR OF HAROLD KOCHEdited byCLAIRE BOWERNYaleUniversityBETHWYN EVANSUniversityofManchesterLUISA MICELIUniversityofWesternAustraliaJOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING COMPANYAMSTERDAM/PHILADELPHIAThepaperusedinthis publication meetstheminimumrequirementsofAmerican NationalStandard for InformationSciences - PermanenceofPaperfor Printed Library Materials.ANSI 239.48-1984.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataMorphology and language history: in honourofHaroldKoch/ editedbyClaire Bowern, Bethwyn Evans,LuisaMiceli.p.cm. -- (Amsterdam studiesinthetheoryandhistoryoflinguistic science. Series lV,Currentis-suesinlinguistic theory, ISSN 0304-0763; v.298)Includes bibliographical referencesandindex.1.Grammar, Comparative and general--Morphology.2.Historical linguistics.1.Koch,HaroldJames.II.Bowero,Claire,1977- III. Evans,BethwynIV.Miceli,Luisa.P241.M6525 20084Is--den 2008019102ISBN 978 9027248145 (Hb;alk..paper)@ 2008 - John BenjaminsB.V.Nopartofthisbookmay be reproducedinany form,byprint,photoprint, microfilm,oran}' othermeans,without writtenpennissionfrom the publisher.John Benjamins PublishingCo.•P.D.Box 36224 • 1020 MEAmsterdam.The NetherlandsJohn BenjaminsNorthAmerica.PO.Box27519• PhiladelphiaPA19118-0519•USA,•HITTITE DUWAN(PARA)H.CRAIGMELCHERTUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngelesI am pleasedtoofferthefollowing lines in tributetoHarold Koch, with fondmemoriesofthetimes shared in Room BofWidener LibraryatHarvardwhenwebegan graduate studyofhistorical linguisticstogethernearly four decades ago.'The Hittite adverbduwiininthoserareinstanceswhereit occurs alone isgenerally interpreted as'hither'(Beckman 1996:157, Tischler 2001:182, Rieken1999:69), andtheequallyrarecombinationduwiinpariias 'hitherto, heretofore'(Friedrich 1952:231,Gliterbock & Hoffner 1995:128-129andTischler lac. cit.).The far more frequentlyattestedcorrelativeduwiin...duwiinis typically glossed as'hitherandthither'(both Friedrich andTischler, lac. cit.).Nevertheless,themost popular etymology forduwiinisthatwhich derives itfromPIE*dweh,m (*[dwam] by 'Stang's Law' as discussed below)andsees it asforming a direct word equation with Grk.orjv'for a long time, long ago': seeTischler 1994:491-492 with references to Pisani, Schindlerandothers. Theadverbduwiinis further analyzed as a fossilised accusative singularofarootnoun also seeninHittitetiiwa'(a)far' andtiiwaz'fromafar' (see e.g. Melchert1984:30, following Schindler, and Rieken 1999:70). For correlatedduwiin...duwiinthere is a competing etymology based onPIE*two-...two- 'the one...theother'(Benveniste 1962:84-85),butseetheserious reservationsofcardona(1987:5).'Neither etymology explainstheassigned synchronic meaning'hither'forduwiinalone. Furthermore, correlatedduwiin...duwiinmeans simply 'in onedirection...intheother'(Hoffner 1997:133).Thereisnoevidencethatinthecorrelated instancesthefirst direction is near-deictic, indicating motiontowardsthespeaker. It isthusfar from clearthatsingleduwanand correlatedduwiin...duwiinarerelated. Finally,duwiin(parii)shouldmean'for a long time;long ago' bythefirst etymology. Inwhatfollows I will address thesediscrepancies as well as briefly review the formal problemsofderiVing Hittitetllwaandtiiwaz fromthesame prehistoric paradigm as duwan, which haveneverbeen fully acknowledged.Ibeginwiththecombination duwanpara.Theoverall usageofHittitepariiiscompatible witheither'heretofore'or'long ago, for a long time' forduwanparii.1 I presented a preliminary oral versionofthiSanalysis at the Twenty-FifthEastCoastIndo-European Conference at TheohioState UniversityinColumbus, ohio,June21,2006.ramgratefultomembersofthataudience,inparticulartoJayJasanoff,forhelpful criticalremarks.I,ofcourse, remain solely responsible for the views expressed here.2 Tischler (1994:492)iswrong in implying thatCardonauncritically endorsed Benveniste'scomparison.202H.CRAJCMELCHERTIn both casesparawouldmean'before (in time), previously', for whichonemaycompareparaband(and)atar'(divine) providence' (actually '(divine)pre-ordination, preparation', asperPuhvel 1991:105contraGiiterbock & Hoffuer1995:130)andperanpara'previously, beforehand',withrenewal byadditionofthesynchronic adverb for 'before'. Compare alsoperanparaUD.KAM-an'thedaybefore' (thuscontraGiiterbockandHoffner 1997:303).Thecontextsoftwooftheattestedinstancesofduwanparaalso permiteither'heretofore'or'longago, for a long time'. The firstisfound inanoracularinquiry(KUB5.1iii 53-54, NH/NS):'BAD-an=ma=mu=za'uuRuNerikSAG.DUDlNGiR-LIM-iSduwanparaGIM-anSAG.KI-zabartakinuna=yaQATAMMAkedani=za=kanLfL-rikuwatanimmakuwatanneyabbarinu=mupeanl!uiyaSi'Ifyou,Storm-godofNerik,aremypersonaldeity, as you (have) protected (me) for alongtime/heretofore,willitnowalso be likewise? Wherever Iturnonthiscampaign, willyourunaheadofmeTThe second appearsinaprayerofMursiliIIregardingtheplague(KUB14.14Ro37-39, NH/NS). I giveinparenthesesa translationofseveral precedingclausesinordertomakecleartheoverall context: ('The landofHattiprospered...You godshavenow proceeded subsequently totakevengeance onmyfatherforthataffairofTuthaliyatheYounger.Myfather[oed] onaccountoftheblood ofTuthaliya. Whatever princes, lords, commanders, officerswentovertothesideof[my father] diedfrom[that] affair.Thatsame affair also reachedthelandofHatti,andtheland [ofHatti] begantodie becauseof[that] affair.')nuKURURuGIDRU-tiduwanparra]kinun=abinkanparanammada[s.se]staKURURuGIDRU!-tiI!inganaz[mekk;']dammeSIJaittat'ThelandofHatti [(has) oed] for alongtime/heretofore,butnowtheplague has become even worse. ThelandofHatti hasbeen[much] oppressed bytheplague."The decisivethirdexampleofduwanparaagain comesfromanoracularinquiry(KBo2.2iii 19-27, NH/NS): ('Ifyoualone, Sun-goddessofArihna, areangrybecauseofthevows (madetoobtain) offspring, and in additionnootherdeity isjoinedwith you, letthesigns be favorable:...unfavorable. § Seeing thatthis wastheoutcome,')[DlN]GIR-LUMkuitduwunpara[S]allakartanharkannu=z[aDlNGIR-L]UMapaddanserkartimmiyauwanzanuIT.MESNU.SIG,·duG~SU.A!GUB-an,Mytextual citations followtheconventionsoftheChicagoHittiteDictionary. The siglaOH,MH.andNH(old Hittite,·Middle Hittite, andNewHittite respectively), refer to the dateofthecompositionofthe texts, whileOS,MS,andNS(OldScript, Middle Script. andNewScript)indicatetherelative ageofthemanuscripts. Forthevarious text editions see Laroche (1976) orvisittheonline Konkordanzderhethitischen Texte createdbySilvinKosak:http://www.hethport.uni-wuerz.burg.de/hetkonk.4 Likewise


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