PowerPoint PresentationSlide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17P. F. RibeirofNew Harmonic Diagnostic Indices:New Harmonic Diagnostic Indices:A Proposition for DiscussionA Proposition for DiscussionP.F. RibeiroP.F. RibeiroCalvin CollegeCalvin CollegeEngineering DepartmentEngineering DepartmentEMI, Power Quality & Safety WorkshopArizona State University, Iowa State University, University of Wisconsin, Texas A&M, and Georgia Institute of TechnologyDate: April 18-19, 2002, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, GeorgiaP. F. RibeiroThe Blood Pressure AnalogyThe Blood Pressure AnalogyCompatibility vs Absolute MeasureCompatibility vs Absolute MeasureP. F. Ribeiro     kUrefkUrefkUkRTL ,0maxRelative Trespass Level (RTL)Relative Trespass Level (RTL)Uk - measured or calculated harmonic voltageUref - harmonic voltage limit (standard or particular equipment)k - harmonic order2 4 6 8 10 12 140246880RTLk132 k0 0.05 0.10246880RT Lk.10 UkP. F. Ribeiro 5022kkRTLHDDHarmonic Distortion Diagnostic IndexHarmonic Distortion Diagnostic IndexExponent = 2 or 4 ?k = 50 or less ?P. F. RibeiroHarmonic Distortion Diagnostic IndexHarmonic Distortion Diagnostic IndexApplying Fuzzy Logic ComparisonsApplying Fuzzy Logic ComparisonsAlternative ApproachAlternative Approach Possible ProblemsCaution SevereDistortionsDangerousLevelsNormalLevelsa b c d e f gRTL01)_( LogicFuzzyHDD P. F. RibeiroPossible ProblemsCautionSevereDistortionsDangerousLevelsNormalLevelsA B C D E F GRTL01NormalBelowNormalOverHeatingVeryHotBelowNormalabcdeEquipment MalfunctionMagnitude $ Phase AngleIndividual Harmonics (Vh)Equipment MalfunctionFuzzy - Color Code CriteriaNo ProblemCautionPossible ProblemsImminent ProblemsHarmonic Distortion Diagnostic Index Harmonic Distortion Diagnostic Index Applying Fuzzy Logic ComparisonsApplying Fuzzy Logic ComparisonsAlternative ApproachAlternative ApproachP. F. RibeiroTotal Harmonic Distortion Diagnostic Index Total Harmonic Distortion Diagnostic Index Applying Fuzzy Logic ComparisonsApplying Fuzzy Logic ComparisonsAlternative ApproachAlternative Approach VthdVthdVTHDTHDD ,0maxVTHD - total harmonic distortion measure or calculatedVthd - total harmonic distortion limitP. F. RibeiroPossible ProblemsCaution SevereDistortionsDangerousLevelsNormalLevels2 3 4 5 6 7 8THDv in %01NormalBelowNormalOverHeatingVeryHotBelowNormal90100110120150Equipment HeatingTemperature (Celsius)Harmonic Distortion (THDv)Versus Equipment HeatingFuzzy - Color Code CriteriaNo ProblemCautionPossible ProblemsImminent ProblemsTotal Harmonic Distortion Diagnostic Index Total Harmonic Distortion Diagnostic Index Applying Fuzzy Logic ComparisonsApplying Fuzzy Logic ComparisonsAlternative ApproachAlternative ApproachP. F. Ribeiro2 4 6 8 10 12 1400.020.040.031 103UkUrefk132 kUk0.0010.0150.0010.030.0010.0150.0010.0090.0010.020.0010.015Urefk0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01RTL2234567891011121300.50200.5000100.5THDD max 0VTHD Vthd( )VthdExample 1Example 1P. F. RibeiroVHDD213kRTLk 2VHDD 2.398VTHD213kUk 2100VTHD 4.541THDD max 0VTHD Vthd( )VthdTHDD 0Example 1Example 1Vthd=5%P. F. RibeiroExample 2Example 22 4 6 8 10 12 1400.010.020UkUrefk132 kUk0.0010.010.0010.00.0010.010.0010.010.0010.010.0010.01Urefk0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01RTL22345678910111213000000000000P. F. RibeiroVHDD213kRTLk 2VHDD 0VTHD213kUk 2100VTHD 2.249THDD max 0VTHD Vthd( )VthdTHDD 0Example 2Example 2Vthd=5%P. F. RibeiroExample 3Example 32 4 6 8 10 12 1400.020.040.051 103UkUrefk132 kUk0.0010.0010.0010.020.0010.020.0010.0010.0010.050.0010.04Urefk0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01RTL22345678910111213000101000403P. F. RibeiroExample 3Example 3VHDD213kRTLk 2VHDD 5.196VTHD213kUk 2100VTHD 7.006THDD max 0VTHD Vthd( )VthdTHDD 0.401Vthd=5%P. F. Ribeiro0 5 10 15 20 25 3000.010.020.0250.01UkUrefk292 kUk0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01 Urefk0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01RTL234567891011121314151617180000000000000000VHDD2nkRTLk 2 VTHD2nkUk 2100 Vthd 5VHDD 0 VTHD 5.292THDD max 0VTHD Vthd( )Vthd THDD 0.058Example 4Example 4P. F. RibeiroPatterns and DiagnosticsPatterns and DiagnosticsIf HDD > 0If THDD = 0If HDD = 0If THDD = 0If HDD > 0If THDD > 0If HDD = 0If THDD > 0Diagnosing ProblemsPossibleNoYesPossibleP. F. RibeiroConclusionsConclusions•Indices may provide additional insight on diagnosing harmonic problems•HDD provides information on individual harmonic distortion compatibility•THDD provides information on total harmonic distortion compatibility•Reference values can be adjusted to individual equipment or standard•When the equipment is more sensitive to waveform distortion use HDD•When the equipment is more sensitive to heating effects use THDD•Additional rules could be incorporated to expand the concept and applications toother power quality parameters and more realistic diagnostic