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Three New Species of Corydalis (Fumariaceae)

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Three New Species of Corydalis (Fumariaceae) from NorthwesternSichuan, ChinaXin-Fen GaoChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,People’s Republic of China. [email protected] PengChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,People’s Republic of China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of ChinaMagnus Lide´nBotaniska tra¨dga˚rden, Uppsala Universitet, Villava¨gen 8, 75236 Uppsala, SwedenYing-Wei WangBeijing Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093,People’s Republic of ChinaABSTRACT . The Jiuding Ridge (Sichuan, China) hasbeen explored during the past several years by a teamfrom Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy ofSciences, and three undescribed species of CorydalisDC. (Fumariaceae) have been revealed and areapparently endemic to this mountain. The new specieswere observed in forest (C. capitata X. F. Gao, Lide´n&Y. W. Wang), alpine scree (C. aeaeae X. F. Gao, Lide´n& Y. W. Wang), and alpine rocky limestone areas (C.schistostigma X. F. Gao, Lide´n, Y. W. Wang & Y. L.Peng). The two first species have their closest relativesin the Wolong-Balangshan District (Wenchuan, Si-chuan). Corydalis aeaeae differs from C. panda Lide´n&Y. W. Wang in its small size, few-flowered racemes,and broadly obtuse outer petals with low, short crests.Corydalis capitata differs from the C. flexuosa Franchetcomplex in the capitate racemes, small flowers withdeeply serrate petals, and the peculiar, thin, strictlyerect lateral branches. Corydalis schistostigma isunique in the C. curviflora Maximowicz ex Hemsleygroup, in the deeply cleft stigma and very forward-projecting crests to the inner petals, and possibly hasits affinities more to the north and northwest in theHengduan Mountains.Key words: China, Corydalis, Fumariaceae, IUCNRed List, Sichuan.Chaping Mountain, with an elevation of 4990 m atJiuding peak, is located in northwestern Sichuan,China. It is the nearest mountain above 4000 m, closeto the Chengdu Plain. There are five natural reservesfor protecting pandas and other wild animals in thismountain region. Because the main road runs alongthe Min River valley on the western side of themountain and no roads reach the higher elevations,this area was neglected by botanists until 2002.During the past several years, Xin-Fen Gao and Yu-Lan Peng have explored the flora of this beautifulmountain. Among the botanical novelties are threenew species of Corydalis DC. (Fumariaceae), whichare described below. Magnus Lide´n and ShengxiangYu studied the species in the field in 2006, and oneexample has also been studied in cultivation.1. Corydalis aeaeae X. F. Gao, Lide´n, Y. W. Wang& Y. L. Peng, sp. nov. TYPE: China. Sichuan:Maoxian, Shiguxiang, alpine meadow, 3700 m,flowers pale blue, 20 July 2002, Xin-Fen Gao,Yu-Lan Peng & Wei-Guo Tu 2517 (holotype,CDBI; isotype, CDBI). Figure 1.Herba perennis glabra vel raro superne minutissimepapillosa; rhizoma tenue breve verticale bulbo apicali tenuiovato; caules ramosi 2- ad 4-foliati ascendentes ad basindebiles; folia radicalia 2- ad 4-ternata foliolis profundedivisis lobis parvis obovatis brevissime mucronatis; foliacaulina radicalibus similia sed minora, petiolis brevioribus.Racemi breves, 3- ad 7-flori, in statu frugifero non vel parceelongati; bracteae inferiores (1- ad)2- ad 3-ternatae pedi-cellos subaequantes lobis acutis, superiores minores parcedivisae vel integrae; pedicelli erecti 7–10 mm longi. Sepala1–2 mm longa; corolla azurea; petalum supernum lateNOVON 18: 330–335. PUBLISHED ON 2SEPTEMBER 2008. doi: 10.3417/2007045obtusum brevissime et angustissime cristatum crista apicempetali non attingenti, calcari leviter curvato; petaluminfernum late obtusum basi marsupiatum; stigma divaricatum8-papillatum. Capsula ex pedicello stricto pendula, angustefusiformis, venis papillosis.Herbs, perennial, glabrous; rhizome thin, short,vertical, with fleshy scales and a few remains of broadfleshy leaf bases, crowned by a leaf rosette from anarrowly ovate bulb, and emitting several long, thin,slightly fleshy pale roots, basal portion usually buriedbelow scree or soil surface; stems few to several, thin,ascending, 5–16 cm, simple or often branched with 2or 3(to 4) leaves, often suffused with brownish purple,especially the stems and undersides and apices of leaflobes. Petioles of rosette leaves 2–10 cm, lamina 1–43 1–3 cm, 2- to 4-ternate with deeply lobed leaflets;the ultimate lobes narrowly obovate, shortly mucro-nate, 2–4 mm; primary leaflets long-stalked, second-ary ones shorter; lamina often densely and finelypapillose abaxially, especially along veins. Racemesshort, 3- to 7-flowered, not or scarcely elongating infruit; lower bracts (1)2- to 3-ternate, the upper onessmaller, less divided to entire, with acute lobes;pedicels thin, 7–10 mm, erect in fruit, smooth orfinely papillose. Flowers pale to clear azure blue,sepals and veins sometimes with a purplish suffusion,the inner petals pale, but with the dorsal crestsapically deeper blue, though usually white at theextreme apex, the purple blotch on the inner side ofthe inner petals tends to show through, especially inFigure 1. Corydalis aeaeae X. F. Gao, Lide´n & Y. W. Wang. —A. Habit. —B. Flower. —C. Stigma. —D. Lower petal.Drawn by Jian Gu from the type specimen, Gao et al. 2517 (CDBI).Volume 18, Number 3 Gao et al. 3312008 Corydalis (Fumariaceae) from Chinaherbarium specimens; sepals broadly triangular anddeeply dentate to lanceolate and almost entire, 1–2 mm; outer petals with broad obtuse limbs, ecristateor usually with a shorter and narrower crest that doesnot reach the apex; upper petal with a slightlysubsigmoidal curved, 9–10 mm spur into which anectary protrudes ca. halfway or slightly more; innerpetals 9–10 mm; the lower petal with a pouch orspurlet at the very base, abruptly widening into a 7-mm-wide, rounded limb; ovary with 12 to 16 ovules;stigma divaricate with 8 papillae. Capsule pendentfrom erect pedicels, narrowly fusiform, ca. 10 mmwith 3 mm style, densely papillose along the veins, ca.5- to 12-seeded.Distribution and habitat. Corydalis aeaeae occursusually on scree, sometimes in alpine meadows at3700–4100 m. It is found only in Sichuan Province,China.IUCN Red List category. Corydalis aeaeae isassessed as a taxon of Least Concern (LC) accordingto IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN,


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