Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17TYPE: Attending to the “personality of a map”1. Type basicsa) Three categories of typeb) Size and legibilityc) Special characters2. Changing the size of texta) Type sizeb) Line spacing (leading)3. Type effectsa) Shadowsb) Halos4. Label placement for point, line, and area featuresThis material has been compiled from Designing Better Maps: A Guide for GIS Users,Cindy Brewer (2005, ESRI Press)Type categories: Three basicsType with serifsNotice the feet on ICourier has uniform kerning, clunkyConvention: serif type used for water featuresEasier to read block of text and smaller sizeType categories: Three basicsType without serifs, sans serifTahoma cheats a bit: j and IConvention: sans serif type used for cultural featuresDifficult to read blocks of text but good labelsType categories: Three basicsDisplay typeDifficult to read, more for decorationUse sparingly, if at allPerhaps in title or logo on specialty mapType and legibility: Play it safeNote the “x”-height difference between Garamond and PalatinoPurple box for comparison of x-heightPalatino will be easier to read on a crowded backgroundDifficult situation: Small, italicized, and angledRelatively common on mapsGoudy: yuck! Verdana: yummy!Special characters: symbols and diacritical marksProfessional credibilityAvailable via WindowsInsert into ArcMapBe certain it prints correctly3 point type9 point type12 point type18 point type32 point type48 point type72 point typeType size and legibility: Play it safeType sized from 3 to 72 points. 72 points per inchType: variation among families at same sizeThree type families, same point sizeBatang: short descenders and wide lettersHaett.: tall x-height and tight letter spacingExperimentation is necessarySwitching midway through requires re-placing labelsLeading: Tighten upLeft to right: -2 point, default, and 8 point leadingType effects: Shadows increase contrast for improved legibilityType effects: ShadowsLeft to right: Too much shadow (2pt), effective shadow (.5)Left to right: No shadow, shadow (.5pt, -.5pt)Type effects: HaloLeft to right: Notice how halo improves contrast in both examplesBeware: Halos often look chunky, overly thickPoint label placementIn the “good” examples the label is shift up or down. Confusion may result if the label and symbol are on the same level.Point label placement: rejecting the preferred placementIn both examples it makes perfect sense to reject the preferred positions.Point label placement: two standardsDon’t allow a line to separate the feature from its label.That said, place coastal feature labels in the water, and don’t allow the label to span surf and turf.Line label placementArea label