SU3250 - SURVEY MEASUREMENTS AND ADJUSTMENTS Credits Hours: 3 (0-2-2) Course A course dealing with errors in surveying measurements. A thorough Description: analysis of the nature and propagation of random errors in surveying measurements will be presented. Available adjustment techniques with a greater emphasis on the least squares adjustment technique will be discussed. Prerequisites: SU3000, MA2320 & MA2720 Textbook: "Adjustment Computations - Statistics and Least squares in Surveying and GIS", by Paul R. Wolf and Charles D. Ghilani, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. References: 1. "Surveying Measurements and Their Analysis", R.B. Buckner 2. “Errors in Practical Measurements in Science, Engineering and Technology”, B. Austin Barry 3. “Engineering Measurements”, B.Austin Barry 4. “Analysis and Adjustment of Survey Measurements”, Edward M. Mikhail and Gordon Gracie Most texts on surveying also contain a chapter or an appendix on measurement errors and adjustments. Grading: There are no exams in this course. There will be weekly quizzes beginning from the 3rd week. The quizzes will be given at the beginning of each lab period, and will take approximately 20 minutes. Following is the breakdown how the final grade is computed. Quizzes 60 points Homework 15 points Labs 25 points If more than 6 quizzes are given, those with the lowest grades will be dropped. Any student may choose to take a final exam with a request made at least 2 weeks prior to final exam week. If a final exam is given, the quizzes will be assigned 30% and the final exam 30%. Instructor: Indrajith Wijayratne, Associate Professsor Email: [email protected] Office:319A-EERC Phone: (906) 487-2446 Fax: (906) 487-2583 Office hours are posted on my door. However, you are always welcome in my office when I am in the officeObjectives: The objective of this course is to give the students a thorough understanding of errors in survey measurements, how they affect the values computed or derived from these measurements, and how these errors should be treated in order to obtain better results from measurements. The course deals with the category of errors called random errors. This category of errors has to be treated using statistical principles, and therefore, the students are expected to be familiar with concepts such as statistical distributions, confidence intervals and statistical testing. It is necessary to understand these concepts in order to be able to control these errors during field measurements and to make necessary adjustments subsequently so that the remaining random errors are treated logically. Students are also expected to be familiar with Taylor's Theorem, Matrix Algebra, and Solution of Systems of Linear Equations all of which are used in adjustment of survey measurements using least squares. These topics are covered in Appendices A, B and C of the text. Emphasis of the course, however, will be the application of least squares and other adjustment procedures using computer software, and analyzing the results. Theoretical treatments are only discussed briefly but are important in understanding the adjustment process. This course addresses items a, b, c, e, g, i, and k of ABET program criteria Tentative Recitation Schedule: Week # Topic(s) Reading Assignments 1 Course objectives and class conduct Review of errors in survey measurements Chap 1.1 - 1.5 2, 3 Estimating precision of measurements Chapter 2 Random error theory, probability Chapter 3.1, 3.2 4 Normal distribution Chapter 3.4 Use of Normal Distribution for analysis of measurements Chap 3.5 - 3.7 5 Propagation of random errors Chap. 5 6 Propagation of random errors in angle Chap. 6.2 - 6.12 measurements 7 Propagation of random errors in traverses Chap. 7 Propagation of random errors in traverses Chap 7 8 The concept of adjustment Chap 1.6, 1.7 Weights of observations Chap. 99 The theory of Least Squares Chap 10.1 - 10.8 Least Squares adjustment by observation equation method, examples of level nets Chap. 11 10 Use of matrices in least squares Chap 10.9 Further examples of linear least squares adjustments Chap 10.12 11 Writing and linearization of observation equations for distances, angles and azimuths Chap 10.10 12 Adjustment of horizontal control by observation Chap 12, 13, 14 equations method &15 13 Precision of adjusted values Chap 12 Statistical testing and confidence intervals Chap 4, Chap 15.7 14 Analysis of adjustment results, error ellipses Chap 18 Blunder detection Chap 20 Tentative Lab Schedule: Week # Lab Topic 1 Field observations for demonstration of random errors and determining the precision of pointing and reading of a theodolite 3 Construction of a Histogram using the data collected in lab #1 5 Introduction to Least Squares adjustment software 6 Use of matrices in solving linear equations 7 Pre-analysis of data – Expected traverse closure 8 Least Squares adjustment of a level net 9 Least Squares adjustment of a traverse 11 Least Squares adjustment of a traverse continued 13 Least squares adjustment of a horizontal control nets Note: Computer usage will be required for most labs. Students are expected to be competent in computer usage. All the labs must be submitted in order to receive a completion grade for the course. Based on the amount of work involved and thecomplexity