DOC PREVIEW
UA ECOL 437 - Lecture Notes

This preview shows page 1-2-3-24-25-26 out of 26 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 26 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 26 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 26 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 26 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 26 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 26 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 26 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Lecture 15, 16 Oct 2003Chapter 11, Movement and BehaviorVertebrate PhysiologyECOL 437University of ArizonaFall 2003instr: Kevin Boninet.a.: Bret PaschVertebrate Physiology 4371. Behavior Initiation (CH11)2. Announcements exam next Tuesday seminars etc.3. Jokes from the audience...Fig. 11-12Randall et al. 2002~Behavior InitiationChapter ElevenBring together nervous, endocrine, muscular systems, etc.ComplexReflexes / Learned / PlasticityRespond to situation(s)Parallel ProcessingComplicatedNeuronalCircuitryAnimal Behavior,NeurobiologySimple Reflexes – basis of neuronal circuitryReflex Arc, Stereotypic Behaviore.g., stretch reflex (patellar tendon)- Tonic tension in muscle- Important for maintenance of posture via negative feedback- Only 2 neurons required- monosynaptic reflexStretch receptor activates 1a-afferent neuronAlpha-motor neuron activates quadricepsSherwood 1997 (see 11-1 in Eckert)Simple ReflexesStretch receptor = muscle spindle organ- contains intrafusal fibers (as opposed to extrafusal)- Sensitive to stretch (stretch -> APs)- Need to be reset for new muscle length- Gamma-motor neurons innervate spindle1. 1a-afferent neuron2. Alpha-motor neuron3. Gamma-motor neuronc. Contracted muscle without ‘reset’ muscle spindleSherwood 1997 (see 11-1 in Eckert)Simple Reflexes +Other neurons become involved as well:- 1a-afferents inhibit the antagonist muscle(Knee flexor ~hamstring)- Conscious decision to bend leg etc.- Limb Fig. 11-2Randall et al. 2002Law of Nerve-Specific EnergyventraldorsalAction Potentials and Graded Potentials don’t convey specific information.Rather, the geographic connections, summation of different inputs, and modulation are important for correct responseFig. 11-12Randall et al. 2002Sensory NeuronsIndividual Receptors VariableProcess thousands of inputs to generate ‘scene’Fig. 11-13Randall et al. 2002p. 441Randall et al. 2002Sensory Networks and Lateral InhibitionHelps define edges in vision(11-14)Fig. 11-14Randall et al. 2002Horseshoe crabMore APs from single ommatidia without lateral influence (11-14)Fig. 11-14Randall et al. 2002Vertebrate Visual SystemRetina --> Visual CortexLayers of cells in between(11-17)Fig. 11-17Randall et al. 2002ipsilateralcontralateralPhotoreceptorsBipolar CellsGanglion Cells(optic nerve)(11-18)HorizontalCellsAmacrineCellsTo BrainConvergence and DivergenceProcessing in Retina and in Brain1st, 2nd, 3rd OrderLateral InterxnsFig. 11-18Randall et al. 2002Dark Current!(hyperpolarize in light)1st Order2nd Order3rd Order- Hyper- or De- Polarizing- Convergence/ Divergence (minimal in fovea= acuity)- Outside fovea, many photoreceptors per ganglion(11-19)activationLateralinhibitionFig. 11-19Randall et al. 2002Visual Receptive FieldSize and area innervating a given ganglion cell1 or 2photoreceptors 2mm diameter- 2 parts: Center, Surround- 2 kinds: On or Off(11-20)Fig. 11-20Randall et al. 2002Lots lateral inhibitionVisual Receptive Field- Center, Surround- On or Off- Mediated by bipolar cells that either hyper- or de- polarizeFig. 11-21Randall et al. 2002bipolarganglionreceptorhorizontalSimple Cells in Visual Cortex respond to linear arrangements of receptive fields in retina(11-24)‘On’ example:Fig. 11-24Randall et al. 2002(11-23)‘On’ example:Fig. 11-23Randall et al. 2002(11-23)‘On’ example:Fig. 11-23Randall et al. 2002Fig. 11-24Randall et al. 2002convergenceIntegrate information from many simple cells…(11-25)Fig. 11-25Randall et al. 2002Can detect movement orientation...Process and Respond… (11-22)(11-17)Fig. 11-17Randall et al. 2002Fig. 11-22Randall et al. 2002(11-27)One eye into monkey visual cortexCortical MapsFig. 11-27Randall et al. 2002Behavioral ExamplesEcholocation in bats- High frequency sound pulses- Sound intensity drops as square of distance; return signal weak- Large auditory center in brain- Sensitive auditory ossicles (desensitized briefly as sound pulse emitted)- Sound pulse as energetic as jet 100m overhead or 20x jackhammer(11-9)Fig. 11-9Randall et al. 2002(tonotopic maps in space)Behavioral ExamplesNavigation via Magnetic Fields-Pelagic Whales-Homing Pigeons-Cave salamanders-Bacteria etc.- often a redundant system- Magnetite particles (Fe3O4) orient with magnetic field- Receptors detect -> processed in CNSCPG = central pattern generator-neuronal network producing repetitive outputWalking, swimming, flying, breathingToad walking with no afferents - awkward- flaccid musclesSensory feedbackHigher centers can overrideSome patterns at level of spinal cord if stimulate initially (cats on


View Full Document

UA ECOL 437 - Lecture Notes

Download Lecture Notes
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Lecture Notes and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Lecture Notes 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?