Chapter 1ObjectivesSlide 3A Framework for Systems Analysis and DesignTypes of Information SystemsTypes of Information Systems (cont.)Stakeholders: Players in the Systems GameStakeholders' Perspectives on an Information SystemSystem OwnersSystem UsersInternal System UsersExternal System UsersSystem Designers and System BuildersSystems AnalystsThe Systems Analyst as a Problem-SolverWhere Do Systems Analysts Work?Skills Needed by the Systems AnalystThe Systems Analyst as a FacilitatorThe Ten Commandments of Computer EthicsOther StakeholdersBusiness Drivers for Today’s Information SystemsGlobalization of the EconomyElectronic Commerce and BusinessAn Electronic Commerce StorefrontAn Electronic Commerce Procurement StorefrontSecurity and PrivacyCollaboration and PartnershipKnowledge Asset ManagementContinuous Improvement and Total Quality ManagementBusiness Process RedesignTechnology Drivers for Today’s Information SystemsNetworks and the InternetMobile and Wireless TechnologiesObject TechnologiesCollaborative TechnologiesEnterprise ApplicationsSlide 37Enterprise Applications - ERPEnterprise Applications - SCMSupply ChainEnterprise Applications - CRMEnterprise Applications - EAIEnterprise Application IntegrationSystem Development ProcessA Simple System Development ProcessSystems Development Process OverviewSystem Development Process OverviewProject and Process ManagementMcGraw-Hill/IrwinCopyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Chapter 1The Context of Systems Analysis and Design Methods1-2Objectives•Define information system and name seven types of information system applications.•Identify different types of stakeholders who use or develop information systems, and give examples of each.•Define the unique role of systems analysts in the development of information systems.•Identify those skills needed to successfully function as an information system analyst.•Describe current business drivers that influence information systems development.•Describe current technology drivers that influence information systems development.•Briefly describe a simple process for developing information systems.1-31-4A Framework for Systems Analysis and DesignA system is a group of interrelated components that function together to achieve a desired result.An information system (IS) is an arrangement of people, data, processes, and information technology that interact to collect, process, store, and provide as output the information needed to support an organization.Information technology is a contemporary term that describes the combination of computer technology (hardware and software) with telecommunications technology (data, image, and voice networks).1-5Types of Information Systems•A transaction processing system (TPS) is an information system that captures and processes data about business transactions.•A management information system (MIS) is an information system that provides for management-oriented reporting based on transaction processing and operations of the organization.•A decision support system (DSS) is an information system that either helps to identify decision making opportunities or provides information to help make decisions.1-6Types of Information Systems (cont.)•An expert system is an information system that captures the expertise of workers and then simulates that expertise to the benefit of non-experts.•A communications and collaboration system is an information system that enables more effective communications between workers, partners, customers, and suppliers to enhance their ability to collaborate.•An office automation system is an information system that supports the wide range of business office activities that provide for improved work flow between workers.1-7Stakeholders: Players in the Systems Game•A stakeholder is any person who has an interest in an existing or proposed information system. Stakeholders can be technical or nontechnical workers. They may also include both internal and external workers.•Information workers are those workers whose jobs involve the creation, collection, processing, distribution, and use of information.•Knowledge workers are a subset of information workers whose responsibilities are based on a specialized body of knowledge.1-8Stakeholders' Perspectives on an Information System1-9System OwnersSystem owners – an information system’s sponsor and executive advocate, usually responsible for funding the project of developing, operating, and maintaining the information system.1-10System UsersSystem users – a “customer” who will use or is affected by an information system on a regular basis – capturing, validating, entering, responding to, storing, and exchanging data and information.1-11Internal System Users•Clerical and service workers•Technical and professional staff•Supervisors, middle managers, and executive managers1-12External System Users•Customers•Suppliers•Partners•Employees•Remote users - users who are not physically located on the premises but who still requires access to information systems.•Mobile users - users whose location is constantly changing but who requires access to information systems from any location1-13System Designers and System BuildersSystem designer – a technical specialist who translates system users’ business requirements and constraints into technical solution. She or he designs the computer databases, inputs, outputs, screens, networks, and software that will meet the system users’ requirements.System builders – a technical specialist who constructs information systems and components based on the design specifications generated by the system designers.1-14Systems AnalystsSystems analyst – a specialist who studies the problems and needs of an organization to determine how people, data, processes, and information technology can best accomplish improvements for the business. •A programmer/analyst (or analyst/programmer) includes the responsibilities of both the computer programmer and the systems analyst. •A business analyst focuses on only the non-technical aspects of systems analysis and design.1-15The Systems Analyst as a Problem-Solver•By "Problems" that need solving, we mean:•Problems, either real or anticipated, that require corrective action•Opportunities to improve a situation despite the absence of complaints •Directives to change a situation regardless of whether anyone has complained about the
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