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Continental Margins Ocean Basins HMS Challenger 1 Passive Active Passive Margin Active Margin 2 Monterey Canyon Origin of Submarine Canyons Erosion by streams and rivers Ice ages and glaciers lower sea level Erosion by turbidity currents Turbidity currents great masses of sediment laden water that are pulled down slope by gravity Sea Level 410 ft lower 140 meters 3 Turbidity Currents 4 Aseismic Ridges Guyots Guyots 5 Continental Magmatic Arc 6 Island Arc Ocean Island Volcanoes Hot Spots 7 Fringing and Barrier Reefs Atolls and Plate Tectonics 8 Fringing Coral Reef Barrier Coral Reef Atoll Coral Reef 9