Ch 7 The Control of Microbial GrowthBio 240 Exam review #2 on 03/25/10 Topics For Exam #2Ch 5. Microbial Metabolism1. Compare and contrast catabolic and anabolic reactions, how do they work together?2. Define enzymes. What are they and how do they work?3. How are enzymes usually named?4. What factors typically influence enzymatic activity and how?5. How do cells generate ATP. Under what conditions is the most ATP generated6. Be able to describe the general processes ofa. Carbohydrate catabolismb. Glycolysisc. Cellular respirationd. The chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP generatione. Fermentationf. Lipid and protein catabolismg. Hint, how much energy is produced, what are the major points of entry and exit.7. How are bacteria and yeast identified by the action of their enzymes8. How are lipids and proteins catabolized.9. Roughly describe the biosynthetic pathwayCh 6 Microbial growth.1) Be able to describe the growth characteristics of microbes in various temperatures and presence of oxygen2) Differentiate between arithmetic and exponential growth.3) Know the growth phases of a culture in liquid media. 4) Know how to determine how long it would take to grow a certain number of bacteria using generation time and its calculation.5) Know how to perform a serial dilution6) Describe: Defined, complex, Selective and Differential media.7) Define Pure culture and describe 2 ways to obtain pure culture8) Describe direct and indirect methods for determining microbial growth and their numbers.9) In general how do microbes grow, how do we determine the age of a culture?10) How do microbes usually grow in nature?Ch 7 The Control of Microbial Growth1. Define these key terms: sterilization, disinfection, antisepsis, degerming, sanitization, biocide, germicide, bacteriostasis, sepsis and asepsis.2. Is there a typical pattern of death caused by various treatments? If so what are they?3. What are the effects of microbial control agents on cell membranes, proteins and nucleic acids.4. Describe the method of microbial growth control by heat, filtration, low temp, high pressure, desiccation and radiation. How do they work. In what situation is one better than the other.5. How does one evaluate a disinfectant?6. What are the different types of disinfectants and what are they used for?7. Does the general type of microorganism affect the type of control used??The following is a subset from table 7.5Method Mechanism of Action Comment Preferred useBoiling or flowing steamautoclavingfiltrationlyophilizaitonpage 1 of 7 By Nick Kapp 03/16/10Bio 240 Exam review #2 on 03/25/10 osmotic pressureionizing radiationThe following is a subset form table 7.8. Chemical Agents used to Control Microbial Growth.Chemical Agent Mechanism of Action Preferred Use CommentPhenolAlcoholHeavy MetalsSoaps and acid-anionic detergentsCh 14 Principles of Disease and Epidemiology1. Define and know how to describe pathology, etiology, infection and disease.2. What is the difference between normal and transient bacteria? What type of symbiosis is this?3. Know how to use Koch’s postulates to define the cause of a disease.4. What is herd immunity5. How are disease’s characterized.6. Know the stages of the disease and the period in which a disease can be transmitted.7. What are reservoirs of infection?8. How are diseases transmitted? (4)9. What are nosocomial infections and why are they important?10. What are some possible reasons for emerging infectious diseases?11. What is epidemiology and how these researchers do their investigations?12. What is the CDC and what does it do for us?Ch 15 Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity1. Identify and describe the major portals of entry and exit.2. How do pathogens adhere to cells and avoid detection by the immune system?3. Do pathogens have active measures to neutralize the body’s defenses? Describe them.4. What is a LAL assay and why is it important?5. What is the difference between an endotoxin and exotoxin?6. What is the extent of the involvement of extra chromosomal genetics with pathogenicity?7. Are the modes of pathogenicity of fungal, protozoan, helminthic and algal disease different from bacteria and viral? How?8. Be able to discuss figure 15.89 Microbial mechanisms of pathogenicity.Ch 21 Microbial disease of the Skin and Eyes3. Know the structure of the human skin.2. Know the normal microbiota of the skin3. What do skin lesions typically look like?Disease Pathogen Characteristics Treatment pageNecrotizing page 2 of 7 By Nick Kapp 03/16/10Bio 240 Exam review #2 on 03/25/10 fasciitisMeasles MyxomatosisImpetigoCanker soresRocky mountain spotted feverMRSABoilsAcne ShinglesChicken Pox Small PoxHerpesRubellaRingworm ScabiesHead LiceCh 22 Microbial diseases of the nervous system3. Now the structure of the human nervous system.2. What is the blood-brain Barrier?Disease Pathogen Characteristics Treatment PageMeningitis, Tetanus Botulism PoliomyelitisRabiesTrypanosomiasisLeprosypage 3 of 7 By Nick Kapp 03/16/10Bio 240 Exam review #2 on 03/25/10 Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseaseCh 23 Microbial diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic system3. Know the structure of the human cardiovascular system.2. Know the relationship between the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems3. What is systemic?4. What is the normal microbiota of the circulatory system?Disease Pathogen Characteristics Treatment PageRheumatic feverYellow Fever Anthrax Gangrene Lyme disease Tularemia Relapsing FeverInfectious mononucleosis MalariaDengue FeverHantavirusHIVElephantitis SchistosomiasisEbolaCh 24 Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System3. Know the structure of the respiratory system2. What is the normal microbiota of the respiratory system?3. Can the normal microbiota contain pathogens?Disease Pathogen Characteristics Treatment PageStrep throatPneumonia Pneumonic Plague page 4 of 7 By Nick Kapp 03/16/10Bio 240 Exam review #2 on 03/25/10 Diphtheria Pertussis Tuberculosis HantavirusLegionellosisListeriosisInfluenzaHistoplasmosisColdWhooping coughBird FlueCh 25 Microbial Diseases of the Digestive system1. Know the structure of the digestive system2. What is the relationship between microbes and tooth decay?3. What is the difference between an infection and intoxication?Disease Pathogen Characteristics Treatment PageFood poisoning Salmonellosis Periodontal diseaseTooth decayShigellosisColitis CholeraHepatitis C HBVPeptic ulcer diseaseMumpsRotavirusCryptosporidiosisTapewormpage 5 of 7 By Nick Kapp