City University of New YorkLaGuardia Community CollegeNatural & Applied Science DepartmentPractical Nursing ProgramSCL 102 – Science & Art of Nursing I: Introduction to Practical Nursing Communication: The Facilitator of Nursing Spring I 2007STUDENT NAME: Anaïse Ikama DATE: 04-17-2007These questions reflect your assigned readings done on communication.1. Identify six important reasons why communication skills are important.a. Helps client talk about feelings and problems related to his or her healthand illness.b. Encourages client to cope with their illnessesc. Motivates the client toward self-care.d. Is the foundation on which interpersonal relationships are built in ournursing career and personal lifee. Helps the client resolve their feelings and problems.f. In communication, there is this concept of giving and receivinginformation, which sometimes cannot be seen or found in oneself.2. Describe the process of communication. Communication can be defined as “the exchange of information, which can be verbal, vocal, nonverbal…” The processes of communication are:Sender: source of ideaMessage: the ideaMedium or channel: means of transmitting the ideaReceiver: the person who receives and interprets the messageInteraction: the receiver’s response to the message or feedback.3. Differentiate between verbal and nonverbal communication, give examples of each.-Verbal communication is the sharing of information through the written or spoken word; example, giving of oral or written change-of-shift reports between nurses.-Nonverbal communication is the sharing of information without words orlanguage; as an illustration: body language, facial expression that provides cues toa person’s true feelings.14. Describe the difference between affective and cognitive communication The difference between affective and cognitive communication is that affectivecommunication is the process through which people express feelings about things,themselves and others. Also, it contributes to the formation of self concept,whereas, cognitive communication is the involvement of knowledge,understanding and perception in mind.5. Describe and give examples of eight communications techniques used in thehealth care- Show respect when speaking, example, addressing a patient as Mr. or Mrs. When calling to him or her attention.- Avoid frivolous joking.- Ask open-ended question, such as: Tell me about eating habbit.- Avoid closed-ended question, example, Do you smoke?- Restate what you thought you heard, example, the client states “I don’t eatmeat. My son says I should. But I don’t.” the nurse will then respond, “Youdon’t eat meat?”- Use clarifying phrases, example, the client states, “My life has been afrustration after frustration” the nurse respond, “Your life has been full offrustration.”- Keep confidential information confidential- Not share any patient’sinformation to family and friends.6. List and discuss six barriers to effective communication include on how they canimpact the on effective delivery of client care. a. Nonverbal barriers such as not looking at the patient when he or she is talkingto a nurse can cause barrier communication.b. Changing of the subject causes barrier communication in a sense wheresometimes the client might be asking or trying to reach for help and if thenurse changes the subject by giving statement as: Don’t worry, everybodyfeels the same way when exposed with diagnose. It is like pushing the clientaway from asking questionsc. Stereotyped responses – “Everybody feels that way” This really turns thepatient down because it is like telling the client, ‘you think you are the onlyperson who has problem or don’t you think I have problem.’2d. Asking closed ended questions, such as “Do you smoke?” which in myopinion brings the relationship between the client and the nurse nowherebecause by answering yes or no, he client may keep important informationthat help in the nursing diagnosis. e. “Expressing [one’s] personal bias about a subject may prevent patients fromexpressing their own feelings about that subject…” (Corrine R. Kurzen. P 71).f. Expressing disapproval, example, “if a patient chooses to try an experimentalform of treatment…” the nurse does not have to approve, but to support thepatient’s choice.7. Differentiate between therapeutic and non-therapeutic communication The difference between therapeutic and no-therapeutic communication is that the therapeutic communication “9usually verbal” with a client that is helpful and beneficial; creating a healing, curative and safe milieu…”whereas, a non-therapeutic communication is not effective. It often blocks communications, example are stereotyping, being judgmental. 8. Describe skills that nurses can use to promote effective communication as theyinteract with clients, their family peers and other member of the health care team.- Talk to the client, even if he or she is unable to answer.- Make sure to schedule a qualified interpreter for physician’s visits or teamconference.- Try to learn a few words of the client’s language- Ask the client to repeat back what was said (many will say they understand,even if they don’t).- Assign staff who can speak some of the client’s language- Be conscious of the body language (prevent misunderstanding)- Be patient – give a chance to communicate- Speak slowly and clearly9. Identify the three phases of an interview and describe the nurse’s role in eachphase.There are three phases of interview: Introduction, working and closure phase.- Introduction phase: in this phase points or reason for the meeting are stated.The nurse’s role in this phase is to explain to the client how he or she will beassessed to come up with a plan for client actual diagnosis.- Working phase: is actually one of the nursing processes known: as assessment.During the working phase, the nurse focuses in the collection of detail data3such as past medical history, pain description to come up with the nursingdiagnosis.- Closure phase: can be an opened-ended question or a closed-ended question. *Opened-ended questions are types of