Modern PhysicsThe Simple Structure of Our UniverseLabeling the Particles Quantum NumbersLeptons & Anti-LeptonsQuarks & AntiQuarksGauge BosonsThe Periodic TablePseudo-Scalar MesonsSpin ½+ BaryonsHadron-Hadron CollisionsMonte-Carlo Simulation of Hadron-Hadron CollisionsThe Fermilab TevatronFermilab Collider Detector FacilityHigh Energy PhysicsCollider CoordinatesCDF Run II DiJet Event July 2002Top ProductionTop Production at the TevatronHiggs ProductionTevatron MeasurementsThe New ForefrontWhere is CERN?CERNThe LHC at CERNWhy Build the LHC? Puzzles in Particle PhysicsLHC ExperimentsCMS CollaborationPoint 5 (Cessy, France)CMS Assembly BuildingCMS PicturesThe LHCIncident of September 19th 2008LHC 2009 SummaryLHC: March 30, 2010CMS: March 30, 2010Why Expect “New Physics”?What “New Physics”?High Multiplicity at 7 TeVPHY 3101 November 10, 2010 Rick Field – Florida/CDF/CMS Page 1Modern PhysicsModern PhysicsRick FieldUniversity of FloridaOutline of TalkUniversity of Florida November 10, 2010CMS at the LHCCDF Run 2The Standard ModelBeyond the Standard ModelCDF at the TevatronCMS at the LHCThe Standard Model & Beyond Proton AntiProton PT(hard) Outgoing Parton Outgoing Parton Underlying Event Underlying Event Initial-State Radiation Final-State RadiationPHY 3101 November 10, 2010 Rick Field – Florida/CDF/CMS Page 2TheThe SimpleSimple Structure of Structure of Our UniverseOur UniverseElementary Particle: Indivisible piece of matter without internal structure and without detectable size or shape.Two Classes of Elementary Particles:Leptons: Do not interact with the strong force (but may interact with weak, EM and gravity). Quarks: Do interact with the strong force (may also interact with weak, EM and gravity). Four Known Forces: Gravity (Solar Systems, Galaxies, Curved Space-Time, Black Holes)Electromagnetism (Atoms & Molecules, Chemical Reactions)Weak (Neutron Decay, Beta Radioactivity)Strong (Atomic Nuclei, Fission & Fusion) Mass and charge located inside sphere of radius zero! Quarks and Leptons have very different properties:Quarks have fractional electric charge.Quarks are found only as constituents of composite particles called hadrons (baryons have B not 0, mesons have B = 0). Leptons exist as free particles. Baryon NumberPHY 3101 November 10, 2010 Rick Field – Florida/CDF/CMS Page 3Labeling the ParticlesLabeling the ParticlesQuantum NumbersQuantum Numbers Elementary particles and hadrons are labeled by their quantum numbers. These labels characterize the properties of the particles.Not all particles carry every label. The particles are only labeled by the quantum numbers that are conserved for that particle Particles with integral spin J (J = 0, 1, 2, …) are called bosons. Particles with half-integral spin J (J = ½, 3/2, …) are called fermions.Particles with spin-parity JP = 0+ are referred to a scalars, 0- are pseudo-scalars, 1- are vectors, 1+ are pseudo-vectors, 2+ are tensors, etc.Symbol Name Additive M Mass J Spin Angular Momentum C Charge Conjugation P Parity G G-Parity B Baryon Number Yes Qem Electric Charge Q = Y/2 + Iz Q = Qweak + QU1 Yes QU1 U1 Charge Yes Qweak Weak Charge Yes Qcolor Strong Charge Y Hypercharge Y = B + S + Ch + Bo + To Yes S Strangness Yes Ch Charmness Yes Bo Bottomness Yes To Topness Yes I Isospin Yes Iz 3rd component of Isospin Yes Le Electron Lepton Number Yes L Muon Lepton Number Yes L Tau Lepton Number Yes L Overall Lepton Number L = Le +L +L YesPHY 3101 November 10, 2010 Rick Field – Florida/CDF/CMS Page 4Leptons & Anti-Leptons Leptons & Anti-Leptons Leptons are spin ½+ fermions with baryon number B = 0 and with Qem = Qweak + QU1. For every particle there is a corresponding antiparticle with equal mass and opposite electric charge.Particles and antiparticles can annihilate producing heat and light (i.e. photons).Lepton Mass MeV Qem Le L L QU1 Qweak e 1st ~ 0 0 1 0 0 -1/2 +1/2 e- 1st 0.5 -1 1 0 0 -1/2 -1/2  2nd ~ 0 0 0 1 0 -1/2 +1/2 - 2nd 106 -1 0 1 0 -1/2 -1/2  3rd ~ 0 0 0 0 1 -1/2 +1/2 - 3rd 1777 -1 0 0 1 -1/2 -1/2 Anti-Lepton Mass MeV Qem Le L L QU1 Qweak e+ 1st 0.5 +1 -1 0 0 +1/2 +1/2 ev 1st ~ 0 0 -1 0 0 +1/2 -1/2 + 2nd 106 +1 0 -1 0 +1/2 +1/2 v 2nd ~ 0 0 0 -1 0 +1/2 -1/2 + 3rd 1777 +1 0 0 -1 +1/2 +1/2 v 3rd ~ 0 0 0 0 -1 +1/2 -1/2 GenerationParticleAnti-Particle PoofPHY 3101 November 10, 2010 Rick Field – Florida/CDF/CMS Page 5Quarks & AntiQuarksQuarks & AntiQuarksQuarks Mass MeV B Qem Y I Iz S QU1 Qweak Qcolor u, u, u 1st 5 1/3 2/3 1/3 1/2 1/2 0 +1/6 +1/2 R, B, G d, d, d 1st 10 1/3 -1/3 1/3 1/2 -1/2 0 +1/6 -1/2 R, B, G c, c, c 2nd 1,500 1/3 2/3 4/3 0 0 0 +1/6 +1/2 R, B, G s, s, s 2nd 200 1/3 -1/3 -2/3 0 0 -1 +1/6 -1/2 R, B, G t, t, t 3rd 175,000 1/3 2/3 4/3 0 0 0 +1/6 +1/2 R, B, G b, b, b 3rd 4,700 1/3 -1/3 -2/3 0 0 0 +1/6 -1/2 R, B, G Anti-Quarks Mass MeV B Qem Y I Iz S QU1 Qw Qcolor dbar,dbar,dbar 1st 10 -1/3 1/3 -1/3 1/2 1/2 0 -1/6 +1/2 Rbar, Bbar, Gbar ubar,ubar,ubar 1st 5 -1/3 -2/3 -1/3 1/2 -1/2 0 -1/6 -1/2 Rbar, Bbar, Gbar sbar, sbar, sbar 2nd 200 -1/3 1/3 2/3 0 0 1 -1/6 +1/2 Rbar, Bbar, Gbar cbar,cbar, cbar 2nd 150 -1/3 -2/3 -4/3 0 0 0 -1/6 -1/2 Rbar, Bbar, Gbar bbar,bbar,bbar 3rd 4,700 -1/3 1/3 2/3 0 0 0 -1/6 +1/2 Rbar, Bbar, Gbar tbar, tbar, tbar 3rd 175,000 -1/3 -2/3 -4/3 0 0 0 -1/6 -1/2 Rbar, Bbar, Gbar Quarks are spin ½+ fermions which carry color charge as well as electric charge and have B = 1/3.PHY 3101 November 10, 2010 Rick Field – Florida/CDF/CMS Page 6Gauge BosonsGauge BosonsThe Gauge Bosons are vector bosons with spin 1- and B = 0.The photon is the mediator of the electromagnetic force.The W and Z bosons are the mediators of the weak force.The eight gluons mediate the strong force.Boson Name Mass GeV Qem QU1 Qweak Qcolor  Photon 0 0 0 0 none W+ W-Boson 81 +1 0 +1 none W- W-Boson 81