MeiosisParents pass off their information to their offspring through the use of heredity units called genes .The locus is the location for a gene on a chromosome.What is the difference between a somatic cell and a gamete?A somatic cell is any cell that isn’t involved in gamete production, and it is diploid. Gametes are reproductive cells that pass information to the next generation, and they are haploid.Autosomes determine an individual’s sex. True/FalseIn asexual reproduction, an individual reproduces by a making a clone or a genetically identical individual.Sexual reproduction results in offspring who differ genetically. True/FalseWhat is a karyotype? How are homologous chromosomes related to the karyotype?A karyotype is an ordered display of the chromosomes during mitosis. These chromosomesare arranged in pairs according to their length, centromere position, and staining pattern. These pairs are known as homologous chromosomes.How many sets of chromosomes does a haploid individual have? A diploid individual? 1 set, 2 setsGametes are formed through the process known as meiosis .Describe the difference in lifecycles between plants, animals, and fungi. Animals- gametes are the only haploid cells, after meiosis gametes no longer divide until fertilization, fertilization leads to a diploid zygote that divides until it is a multicellular diploid organism.Plants- have a alternation of generations, a multicellular, diploid sporophyte produces cells that undergo meiosis to become haploid spores, the spores divide mitotically to became haploid gametophytes that produce the gametes, the gametes will fuse to become the zygoteand produce the sporophyteFungi- gametes fuse to make a zygote that undergoes meiosis, haploid cells are produce thatdivide mitotically to become multicellularDescribe the stages of Meiosis I and II.Prophase I- chromosomes condense and homologs pair up, crossing over occurs while homologs are in synapsis, centromeres move, spindle forms, nuclear envelope fadesMetaphase I- homologs are on metaphase plate, each chromosome kinetochore is attached to a microtubuleAnaphase I- homologs separate and move toward opposite poles, sister chromatids stay fusedTelophase I- no replication, cytokinesis may occur, each cell is now haploidProphase II- spindle forms, chromosomes move to metaphase plateMetaphase II- chromosomes on metaphase plate, kinetochores of chromatids attach to microtubulesAnaphase II- chromatids separate and move to opposite polesTelophase II- nuclei reform, cytokineis occurs, 4 genetically unique daughter cells are produced Cohesin holds the chromosomes together during meiosis, and as the chromosomes separate Separase breaks that compound down. To prevent sister chromatids from separating, Shugosin protects the centromere.What is the importance of genetic diversity?It may allow populations to better survive changes in their environment, and it may ultimately lead to
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