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Extreme RangeSlide 2Slide 3Rutan VoyagerExtreme EnduranceExtreme L / DSlide 7Extreme RangeExtreme RangeBreguet Range eq.Breguet Range eq. best values based on current technology:best values based on current technology:pp = 0.9 = 0.9ccpp = 0.4 (piston engine gives the best sfc) = 0.4 (piston engine gives the best sfc)L/D = f (A, e, CL/D = f (A, e, CD0D0)) CCD0D0 = f (S = f (Swettedwetted, BL state, S), BL state, S)0max4DCAeDLfippWWDLcR ln375Extreme RangeExtreme RangeStructural limits to max allowable AStructural limits to max allowable AAerodynamic limits to CAerodynamic limits to CD0D0Powered airplanes: (L/D)Powered airplanes: (L/D)maxmax = 25 very good value ! = 25 very good value !Transports WTransports Wi i / W/ Wff = 2.0 = 2.0RRmaxmax = 14,621 n. mi. = 14,621 n. mi.Nonstop, unrefueled flight around the world Nonstop, unrefueled flight around the world R = 28,000 n.mi.R = 28,000 n.mi. ! ! This range requires a WThis range requires a Wi i / W/ Wff = 3.8 = 3.8 Nothing you can do in a short time to overcome Nothing you can do in a short time to overcome technology limitations! The only thing you can do technology limitations! The only thing you can do is be creative in your design!is be creative in your design!Extreme RangeExtreme RangeRutan achieved WRutan achieved Wi i / W/ Wff = 4.5 in the = 4.5 in the VoyagerVoyager with: with: A = 33.8 A = 33.8 Composites Composites Special airfoils in the lifting surfaces and the Special airfoils in the lifting surfaces and the propellerspropellersPlace fuel outboard on the wing:Place fuel outboard on the wing:Reduce wing root bending momentReduce wing root bending momentImprove WImprove Wii / W / WffExperimental regulations instead of civil or military Experimental regulations instead of civil or military airworthiness constraints, resulting in W savingsairworthiness constraints, resulting in W savingsRutan VoyagerRutan VoyagerExtreme EnduranceExtreme EnduranceBreguet Endurance eq.Breguet Endurance eq. Same tradeoff between L / D and W as in the Same tradeoff between L / D and W as in the case of extreme rangecase of extreme rangefippWWDLVcE ln375Extreme L / DExtreme L / DHigh-performance gliders: Schleicher AS W22 BHigh-performance gliders: Schleicher AS W22 BExtreme L / DExtreme L / D maxmin/1DLmax23min2DLCCSWRODNeed to maximize A and minimize CNeed to maximize A and minimize CD0D0SolutionsSolutions::Very high A wings Very high A wings (Schleicher AS W22 has A = (Schleicher AS W22 has A = 38.3)38.3)Laminar flow wingsLaminar flow wingsMin size fuselage (pilot in reclined Min size fuselage (pilot in reclined position)position)Advanced composite structuresAdvanced composite


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SJSU AE 171A - Extreme Range

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