PowerPoint PresentationSlide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 36Slide 37Slide 38Slide 39Slide 40Slide 41Slide 42Slide 43Slide 44Slide 45Slide 46Slide 47Slide 48Slide 49Slide 50Slide 51Slide 52Slide 53Slide 54Slide 55Slide 56Slide 57Slide 58Slide 59Slide 60Slide 61Slide 62Slide 63Slide 641Filters and TunedAmplifiersMicroelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 2Copyright  2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Figure 12.1 The filters studied in this chapter are linear circuits represented by the general two-port network shown. The filter transfer function T(s)  Vo(s)/Vi(s).Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 3Copyright  2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Figure 12.2 Ideal transmission characteristics of the four major filter types: (a) low-pass (LP), (b) high-pass (HP), (c) bandpass (BP), and (d) bandstop (BS).Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 4Copyright  2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Figure 12.3 Specification of the transmission characteristics of a low-pass filter. The magnitude response of a filter that just meets specifications is also shown.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 5Copyright  2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Figure 12.4 Transmission specifications for a bandpass filter. The magnitude response of a filter that just meets specifications is also shown. Note that this particular filter has a monotonically decreasing transmission in the passband on both sides of the peak frequency.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 6Copyright  2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Figure 12.5 Pole–zero pattern for the low-pass filter whose transmission is sketched in Fig. 12.3. This is a fifth-order filter (N = 5).Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 7Copyright  2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Figure 12.6 Pole–zero pattern for the band-pass filter whose transmission function is shown in Fig. 12.4. This is a sixth-order filter (N = 6).Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 8Copyright  2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Figure 12.7 (a) Transmission characteristics of a fifth-order low-pass filter having all transmission zeros at infinity. (b) Pole–zero pattern for the filter in (a).Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 9Copyright  2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Figure 12.8 The magnitude response of a Butterworth filter.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 10Copyright  2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Figure 12.9 Magnitude response for Butterworth filters of various order with e = 1. Note that as the order increases, the response approaches the ideal brick-wall type of transmission.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 11Copyright  2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Figure 12.10 Graphical construction for determining the poles of a Butterworth filter of order N. All the poles lie in the left half of the s plane on a circle of radius 0 = p(1/e)1/N, where e is the passband deviation parameter (e = 10Amax/10 – 1): (a) the general case, (b) N = 2, (c) N = 3, and (d) N = 4.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 12Copyright  2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Figure 12.11 Poles of the ninth-order Butterworth filter of Example 12.1.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 13Copyright  2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Figure 12.12 Sketches of the transmission characteristics of representative (a) even-order and (b) odd-order Chebyshev filters.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 14Copyright  2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Figure 12.13 First-order filters.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 15Copyright  2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Figure 12.14 First-order all-pass filter.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 16Copyright  2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Figure 12.15 Definition of the parameters 0 and Q of a pair of complex-conjugate poles.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 17Copyright  2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Figure 12.16 Second-order filtering functions.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 18Copyright  2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Figure 12.16 (Continued)Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 19Copyright  2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Figure 12.16 (Continued)Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 20Copyright  2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Figure 12.17 (a) The second-order parallel LCR resonator. (b, c) Two ways of exciting the resonator of (a) without changing its natural structure: resonator poles are those poles of Vo/I and Vo/Vi.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 21Copyright  2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Figure 12.18 Realization of various second-order filter functions using the LCR resonator of Fig. 12.17(b): (a) general structure, (b) LP, (c) HP, (d) BP, (e) notch at 0, (f) general notch, (g) LPN (n  0), (h) LPN as s  , (i) HPN (n  0).Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 22Copyright  2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Figure 12.19 Realization of the second-order all-pass transfer function using a voltage divider and an LCR resonator.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 23Copyright  2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Figure 12.20 (a) The Antoniou inductance-simulation circuit. (b) Analysis of the circuit assuming ideal op amps. The order of the analysis steps is indicated by the circled numbers.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 24Copyright  2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Figure 12.21 (a) An LCR resonator. (b) An op amp–RC resonator obtained by replacing the inductor L in the LCR resonator of (a) with a simulated inductance realized by the Antoniou circuit of Fig. 12.20(a). (c) Implementation of the buffer amplifier K.Microelectronic Circuits - Fifth Edition Sedra/Smith 25Copyright  2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc.Figure 12.22 Realizations for the various second-order filter functions