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An LSO/LYSO Crystal Calorimeter for the ILCWhy a Crystal Calorimeter Physics in Crystal CalorimetersSummary of Crystals for HEPLSO/LYSO Mass ProductionSIPAT LSO BGO, LSO & LYSO SamplesExcitation, Emission & Transmittance137Cs & 22Na Pulse Height SpectraLight Output & Decay TimeEmission Weighted Q.E. LSO/LYSO with Si ReadoutLYSO Light Response UniformityPossible Origin of Non UniformityRadiation Damage in LYSORadiation Induced Phosphorescence –ray Induced Readout Noise L3 BGO ResolutionCMS PWO Resolution LSO/LYSO ECAL PerformanceSingle & Multi-Photons Physics Extra Dimensions at LEPPhysics in Crystal CalorimeterL3 Jet Mass Resolution: Z->qq Best Jet Mass Resolution at LEP SummaryAugust 18, 2005 12005 ILC Workshop, Ren-yuan Zhu, CaltechAn LSO/LYSO Crystal Calorimeter for the ILCRen-Yuan ZhuCalifornia Institute of TechnologyAugust 18, 200522005 ILC Workshop, Snowmass, Ren-yuan Zhu, Caltech Why a Crystal Calorimeter  Photons and electrons are fundamental particles in the SM and for new physics. Performance of a crystal calorimeter is well understood: The best possible energy resolution, good position and photon angular resolution; Good e/photon identification and reconstruction efficiency; Good missing energy resolutions; Good jet mass resolution. Physics discovery potential.August 18, 200532005 ILC Workshop, Snowmass, Ren-yuan Zhu, Caltech Physics in Crystal CalorimetersCharmonium System ObservedThrough Inclusive PhotonsCrystal BallHiggs Searches at LHCCMSAugust 18, 200542005 ILC Workshop, Snowmass, Ren-yuan Zhu, Caltech Summary of Crystals for HEPCrystal NaI(Tl) CsI(Tl) CsI BaF2BGO PbWO4LSO(Ce) GSO(Ce)Density (g/cm3)3.67 4.51 4.51 4.89 7.13 8.3 7.40 6.71Melting Point (ºC)651 621 621 1280 1050 1123 2050 1950Radiation Length (cm)2.59 1.85 1.85 2.06 1.12 0.9 1.14 1.37Molière Radius (cm)4.8 3.5 3.5 3.4 2.3 2.0 2.3 2.37Interaction Length (cm)41.4 37.0 37.0 29.9 21.8 18 21 22Refractive Index a1.85 1.79 1.95 1.50 2.15 2.2 1.82 1.85HygroscopicityYes Slight Slight No No No No NoLuminescence b(nm)(at peak)410 560 420310300220480 560420420 440Decay Time b(ns)230 1300 3566300.9300 501040 60Light Yield b,c(%)100 45 5.62.3212.713 0.10.675 30d(LY)/dT b(%/ ºC)~0 0.3 -0.6 -2~0-1.6 -1.9 -0.3 -0.1ExperimentCrystal BallCLEO BaBar BELLEBES IIIKTeVTAPS(L*)(GEM)L3BELLEPANDA?CMSALICEPANDA?(BTeV)…--a. at peak of emission; b. up/low row: slow/fast component; c. measured by PMT of bi-alkali cathode.LSO/LYSO is a unique crystal with high light output & fast decay timeAugust 18, 200552005 ILC Workshop, Snowmass, Ren-yuan Zhu, Caltech LSO/LYSO Mass ProductionCTI: LSO CPI: LYSOSaint-GobainLYSOAdditional Capability: SIPAT @ Sichuan, ChinaAugust 18, 200562005 ILC Workshop, Snowmass, Ren-yuan Zhu, Caltech Total area(占地面积):52,258m2Construction area(建筑面积):38,331m2For R&D (研发用建筑面积):27,765m2Sichuan Institute of Piezoelectric and Acousto-optic Technology (SIPAT)August 18, 200572005 ILC Workshop, Snowmass, Ren-yuan Zhu, Caltech SIPAT LSOLarge size LSO (Ce:Lu2SiO5) crystals are in productionΦ80 x 70 Φ80 x 120Quoted Price: 13-15 USD/ccAugust 18, 200582005 ILC Workshop, Snowmass, Ren-yuan Zhu, Caltech BGO, LSO & LYSO SamplesCube: 1.7 X1.7 x 1.7 cm (1.5 X0) Bar: 2.5 x 2.5 x 20 cm (18 X0)CPI LYSOSaint-Gobain LYSOSIC BGOCTI LSOAugust 18, 200592005 ILC Workshop, Snowmass, Ren-yuan Zhu, Caltech Excitation, Emission & TransmittanceIdentical transmittance, emission & excitation spectra Part of emitted light may be self-absorbed in long samples 1.7 cm Cube 2.5 x 2.5 x 20 cm BarAugust 18, 2005102005 ILC Workshop, Snowmass, Ren-yuan Zhu, Caltech 137Cs & 22Na Pulse Height SpectraCube and bar samples have 8% and 10% FWHM resolution respectively for 137Cs (0.66 MeV) and 22Na source (0.51 MeV)CPI LYSO bar has double peak because of poor annealingCubeBarAugust 18, 2005112005 ILC Workshop, Snowmass, Ren-yuan Zhu, Caltech Light Output & Decay TimeLSO/LYSO Light yield: a factor of 6/100 of BGO/PWO Bar sample has ~50% light of the cube sampleLSO/LYSO decay time: 42 ns compared to 300 ns of BGOCube BarAugust 18, 2005122005 ILC Workshop, Snowmass, Ren-yuan Zhu, Caltech Emission Weighted Q.E. Taking out PMT QE, LO of LSO/LYSO is 4 times BGOFor Si PD and APD, QE is 59% and 75% respectivelyAugust 18, 2005132005 ILC Workshop, Snowmass, Ren-yuan Zhu, Caltech LSO/LYSO with Si ReadoutLSO/LYSO (not BGO) bars can be read in lab by using a single APD of 25 mm2 (not Si PD) and 0.51 MeV 22Na source BarCubeBarAugust 18, 2005142005 ILC Workshop, Snowmass, Ren-yuan Zhu, Caltech LYSO Light Response UniformityUniformity depends on which end coupled to the PMT, indicating a not uniform light yield along crystalAugust 18, 2005152005 ILC Workshop, Snowmass, Ren-yuan Zhu, Caltech Possible Origin of Non UniformityC. Melcher: LO in LSO is a function of Ce concentrationB. Chai: LO in LYSO is a function of atomic fraction of YttriumAugust 18, 2005162005 ILC Workshop, Snowmass, Ren-yuan Zhu, Caltech Radiation Damage in LYSODamage effect in LRU and LO is small after 22 h γ–ray irradiations at 9,000 rad/h: better than PWOAugust 18, 2005172005 ILC Workshop, Snowmass, Ren-yuan Zhu, Caltech Radiation Induced Phosphorescence Phosphorescence peaked at 430 nm with decay time constant of 2.5 h observedAugust 18, 2005182005 ILC Workshop, Snowmass, Ren-yuan Zhu, Caltech γ–ray Induced Readout Noise γ–ray induced PMT anode current can be converted to the photoelectron numbers (Q) integrated in 100 nsgate. Its statistical fluctuation contributes to the readout noise (σ).Sample L.Y. F Q15 rad/hQ500 rad/hσ15 rad/hσ500 rad/hID p.e./MeVμA/rad/hp.e. p.e. MeV MeVCPI 1,480 41 6.98x1042.33x1060.18 1.03SG 1,580 42 7.15x1042.38x1060.17 0.97August 18, 2005192005 ILC Workshop, Snowmass, Ren-yuan Zhu, Caltech L3 BGO ResolutionContribution “Radiative”+Intrinsic Temperature Calibration OverallBarrel 0.8% 0.5% 0.5% 1.07%Endcaps 0.6% 0.5% 0.4% 0.88%12k BGOAugust 18, 2005202005 ILC Workshop, Snowmass, Ren-yuan Zhu, Caltech CMS PWO ResolutionDesigned Resolution77k PWOMonitoring: 0.04% 2004 SM Beam TestEnergy Resolution:σ(E)/E < 1% if E > 25 GeVσ(E)/E ~ 0.5% at 120 GeVAugust 18, 2005212005 ILC Workshop, Snowmass, Ren-yuan Zhu, Caltech LSO/LYSO ECAL Performance A better energy resolution, σ(E)/E, at low energies than L3 BGO and CMS PWO because of its high light output and low readout noise:  Less demanding to the environment because of small temperature coefficient.


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