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Kwon-Dissertation

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final(part1).pdffinal(part2).pdfKORPAR: A RULE-BASED DEPENDENCY PARSER FOR KOREAN IMPLEMENTED IN PROLOG by SOYOUNG KWON (Under the Direction of Michael A. Covington) ABSTRACT Natural language parsing is the process of analyzing an input sentence by determining its syntactic structure and representing that structure according to a given formal grammar. However, it is often difficult to parse sentences correctly since the nature of language is ambiguous and has many irregularities. If the word order is totally or partially free, the task of parsing becomes more challenging. The process of parsing can be based on hand-coded heuristic rules, probability, or a hybrid of both. KorPar, described in this dissertation, is a parser for Korean based on hand-coded heuristic rules, represented in unification-based dependency grammar and implemented in Prolog. The dependency grammar provides an efficient way to parse the free word order of Korean, while the unification-based features express complex grammatical facts without complicating the parsing algorithm and, as a result, the parser can be easily modified for grammar correction, implementation of probabilities for the grammar rules, and application to other languages. KorPar analyzes the structure of a Korean natural language sentence by representing it as a set of dependency pairs. Since Korean is a partially free-word-order language, KorPar accounts for restrictions on totally free order of the words in a sentence,recognizes subcategorization features, restricts the order of dependents for a single head, matches long-distance dependencies, and parses nouns that lack case markers. KorPar has been tested with 100 consecutive sentences (more than 2000 words) from articles in the Chosun Ilbo Newspaper. The F-score (harmonic mean of precision and recall rates) was 96.3%. INDEX WORDS: Dependency grammar, Unification-based grammar, Parsing, Natural language processing, Korean, PrologKORPAR: A RULE-BASED DEPENDENCY PARSER FOR KOREAN IMPLEMENTED IN PROLOG by SOYOUNG KWON B.A., Ewha Womans University, Korea, 1996 M.A., Ewha Womans University, Korea, 1998 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ATHENS, GEORGIA 2006© 2006 Soyoung Kwon All Rights ReservedKORPAR: A RULE-BASED DEPENDENCY PARSER FOR KOREAN IMPLEMENTED IN PROLOG by SOYOUNG KWON Major Professor: Michael A. Covington Committee: Marlyse Baptista Hyangsoon Yi Electronic Version Approved: Maureen Grasso Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia December 2006iv DEDICATION To my parents, parents-in-law, my husband and my lovely two children who gave me love and support.v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Covington for believing in me and giving me endless support throughout my courses, exams, and dissertation. I remember the first course that I have taken from you and how poorly I have written my paper in the class. I have got the worst grade among other courses, but I have learned the most valuable thing: to write only what you know and to express your knowledge with concise and clear sentences. I am so grateful that you have given me another chance and supported me during my graduate years. I will always cherish those years. Also, I would like to thank Dr. Baptista for always being there for me and supporting me like a sister. I have always admired your sincere warm heart and how you encourage us to pursuit our career. I hope I have made you proud and also wish the very best for you and your family. I am also so grateful to Dr. Yi for all her encouragement and objective opinions and support in choosing my career. I have learned to plan my future with confidence thanks to you and hope that I could someday give in return. Most of all, I would like to thank my family: my mom and dad who have sacrificed so much for my education, my mother-in-law who has always supported and encouraged me to finish my degree, my best friend and husband who I could not have made it without, and my lovely son and daughter who are the best children that any parent can ever have. I love you all so dearly!vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1 Introduction....................................................................................................................1 1.1 Statement of Thesis .............................................................................................2 1.2 Overview of Dissertation.....................................................................................3 2 Related Work on Parsers Focusing on Korean ..............................................................5 2.1 Rule-based Framework........................................................................................5 2.2 Probability Framework......................................................................................11 2.3 Hybrid Framework ............................................................................................11 3 Technical Background of KorPar ................................................................................13 3.1 Probability and Accuracy..................................................................................13 3.2 Dependency Grammar and Efficiency ..............................................................14 3.3 Rule-based Parser and Generative Power .........................................................21 3.4 Satisfying 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3 with KorPar ...........................................................22 4 Theoretical Basis of KorPar.........................................................................................27 4.1 Dependency Grammar.......................................................................................27 4.2 Unification-based Grammar and GULP............................................................29vii4.3 Characteristics of Korean..................................................................................30 5


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